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- Which kind of verb can be changed into a passive voice? A transitive verb (requires an object.) - How many kinds of passive voice? There are 3 kinds of passive voice - Passive voice in statement - Passive voice in question - Passive voice in command - Why do we have to use the passive voice? - - To emphasize the receiver of the action - - Not to reveal the performer of the action
Before we start.
- What is the most important part of passive voice? Answer is variable : object , verb to be, past participial form of verb (Verb3) - What can be omitted in the passive voice and why? An object which is not specified or we can call it as indefinite pronoun.
Voice is the form a verb takes to indicate whether the subject of the verb performs or receives the action. There are two types of voice: active voice and passive voice.
Passive Voice
In a passive voice sentence, the subject and object flip-flop. The subject becomes the passive recipient of the action. Because the subject is being "acted upon" (or is passive), such sentences are said to be in the passive voice.
Active Voice
Active Voice indicates that the subject of the verb is acting Because the subject does or "acts upon" the verb in such sentences, the sentences are said to be in the active voice.
Most writers prefer to use active voice because it is more direct. Compare
Active: The waiter dropped the tray of food. Passive: The tray of food was dropped by the waiter.
The active voice is less awkward and clearly states relationship between subject and action. Compare Passive: Your request for funding has been denied by the review committee. Active: The review committee denied your request for funding. The active voice sentence pattern propels the reader forward through your writing thus avoiding weak prose.
In general, the passive voice is less direct, less forceful, and less concise than the active voice.
Use passive voice when you do not know or do not want to reveal the performer of an action. Use passive voice when you want to emphasize the receiver of an action.
Group 1
Passive Voice in Statement
EX: He has just finished a novel. A novel has just been finished (by him).
Active: S + V2ed + O
Passive: S + was/were + PP + by + O
EX: He gave Tom a book. A book was given to Tom (by him). Tom was given a book (by him).
EX: He was writing a letter at 8.00 yesterday. A letter was being written (by him).
Active: S + will/shall + V + O
Passive: S + will/shall + be + PP + by + O
EX: Tom will be cooking lunch at 10.00 tomorrow. Lunch will be being cooked by Tom at 10.00 tomorrow.
To be going to
written 10 letters to her. By the end of next week, 10 letters will have been written to her.
Group 2
Passive Voice in Question
Group 3
Passive Voice in Command
Let it be cleaned
Extra Passive
Passive Voice in Other Forms
Modal Verbs can be used in either the present or past forms. Active: S + MV (not) + V + O
Such verbs as have/let/make/hear/see/watch/feel/ observe are used in the following passive structure:
Active: S + V + O + V (BI) Passive: S + To Be + PP + to-Infinitive EX: The gravity makes things drop down.
Things are made to drop down by the gravity. Note: The verb following let does not bear to in the passive sentence.
<1>Active: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + (O) Passive: It + To Be + PP + that + S2 + V2 + (O) EX: People said that he was jealous of her. It was said that he was jealous of her.
<2>Active: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + (O) Passive: S+ To Be + PP + to + V+ (O) EX: People said that he was jealous of her. He was said to be jealous of her.
passive is earlier than that of the main active verb. <1>Active: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + (O)
Passive: It + To Be + PP + that + S2 + V2 + (O) EX: People say that he was jealous of her. It is said that he was jealous of her.
Active: S + V + To-inf + O
Passive: S + V + To Be + PP + by + O EX: She started to learn English 5 years ago. English started to be learnt 5 years ago. Active: S + V + V-ing + O Passive: S + V + Being + PP + by + O EX: She started learning English 5 years ago. English started being learnt 5 years ago.
Do you have any question to ask me about the passive voice and active voice?