Smith Davis CH 1 Rev

The Psychologist as Detective: An Introduction to Conducting Research in Psychology
Fifth Edition
Randolph A. Smith & Stephen F. Davis
Chapter One
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The Psychologist as Detective

A Detective
Knows the boundaries of
A Psychological Researcher Develops a research
the case Eliminates suspects Gathers evidence Proposes a solution Offers a solution to the jury
question Exercises control over unwanted factors Conducts the experiment and makes observations Analyzes research results and offers an interpretation Shares results and their interpretation with peers
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Driggers and Helms (2000)
Research Questions: What characteristics do people look for in a potential date? Are there differences in the characteristics looked for by men and women?
Source: Fig. 1 from Driggers, K. J. and Helms, T. (2000). The effects of salary on willingness to date. Psi Chi Journal of Undergraduate Research, 5, 7680. G144. Copyright 2000 Psi Chi, The National Honor Society in Psychology (www.psichi.org). Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
How Psychologists Acquire Knowledge

Psychological research deals with all
behavior of humans and animals and all of the contexts in which these occur Diversity of questions posed prompted psychologists to develop different types of research methods
Research Methods Used by Psychologists

Method Qualitative Research Descriptive Methods Correlational Studies Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 5 Location
Surveys, Questionnaires, Tests, and Chapter 6 Inventories Ex Post Facto Studies Chapter 6 Experiments Chapter 7
The Research Process

Research is a recursive cycle One activity leads to the next One project often leads to another

Finding a Problem
Each research project begins as a problem
or a question for which we are seeking an answer.

Reviewing the Literature
Finding out what research studies already
exist in an area

Theoretical Considerations
A theory is a formal statement of the
relation among the relevant variables in a particular research area. All good theories: Attempt to organize a given body of scientific data. Point the way to new research.
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The Hypothesis
Attempts to state specific IV-DV relations
within a selected portion of a larger, more comprehensive research area or theory. The research or experimental hypothesis is the predicted outcome of a research project. The research hypothesis states a testable prediction about
the relations between the independent and dependent variables in your experiment.
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Research Plan
A general plan for conducting your research. Your research design specifies:
How you will select your participants and assign them to groups. The types of extraneous variable control(s) you will use. How you will gather your data.
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Conducting the Project
The next step is to actually conduct the
experiment (gather the data) according to the research plan.
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Analysis of Research Findings
Type of analysis depends on research method
used and type of data. Statistical analysis most often used on numerical data.
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Decisions in Terms of Past Research and
Theory
Was our hypothesis supported? Do results agree with past research? How do our results fit into the current theoretical
structure in this research area? If our results do not fit perfectly, what changes need to be made in our interpretation or existing theory to accommodate them? Does lack of support for our hypothesis disconfirm the theory?
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Preparation of the Research Report
A research report is the way we share our results with
the scientific community. A research report is prepared according to the format prescribed by the American Psychological Association (APA).
APA format allows researchers to know exactly what to include in their papers and readers to know exactly where to look for specific experimental details, procedures, and results.
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Sharing Your Results: Presentation and
Publication
The two most popular ways to share results are:
Present an oral paper or a poster at a psychological convention, and/or Publish an article in a professional journal
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Finding a New Problem
The more deeply you immerse yourself in a
research area, the more questions and problems you will find to research.
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Why is the Research Methods Course Important?

It assists you in other classes
The more completely you understand research methodology, the better you will be able to master the material in your other classes.
Conducting an original research project
The research methods course often includes or is followed by conducting an original project. This provides an excellent opportunity to present or publish your findings.
Conducting a research project after
graduation
You might have to conduct research as a condition of future employment (even if youre not particularly interested in research at this point in time).
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Why is the Research Methods Course Important?

Getting into Graduate School
Psychology graduate admissions committees view a course in research methods or experimental psychology very positively. Having presented or published a report is also rated very highly by graduate school admissions committees.
Becoming a Knowledgeable Consumer of
Research
If you understand the research on which a variety of claims are based, then you are in a position to make a more educated decision concerning such knowledge claims.
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The Psychologist as Detective: An Introduction to Conducting Research in Psychology

Randolph A. Smith & Stephen F. Davis

The Psychologist as Detective

Driggers and Helms (2000)

How Psychologists Acquire Knowledge

Research Methods Used by Psychologists

The Research Process

The Research Process

The Research Process

or a question for which we are seeking an answer.

The Research Process

The Research Process

The Research Process

The Research Process

The Research Process

experiment (gather the data) according to the research plan.

The Research Process

The Research Process

The Research Process

The Research Process

The Research Process

Why is the Research Methods Course Important?

Conducting an original research project

Conducting a research project after

Why is the Research Methods Course Important?

Becoming a Knowledgeable Consumer of

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