DEVELOPMENT OF GIS APPLICATION INDIA EXPERIENCE

UNEGM on Census Mapping New York : 30th May 2007

C. CHAKRAVORTY Office of the Registrar General, India New Delhi

Contents
o
o o o

Indian Census Brief background Rural Urban frame for census GIS database design Using digital geographic database for dissemination Development of GIS application CensusInfo India Punjab GIS Internet Census GIS India
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Indian Census Brief background

o First synchronous census held in 1881 o Census 2001 was the 14th in this

uninterrupted series
o Adopted extended de-facto method (or enumerating persons normally residing in the household during the enumeration period) o Census held in two phases: House-listing Operations (April to June 2000) Population Enumeration (9th to 28th February 2001)
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Indian Census Brief background

o Unit of enumeration in Census is the

Enumeration Block (EB) allotted to an Enumerator

o Curved out on the basis of population size,

an EB comprises of about 120 150 households or about 500 to 750 persons

o 2 million Enumerators were deployed for

2001 Census. Mostly primary school teachers.

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Preparing Rural Urban Frame

o Before census, a complete list of

administrative units (e.g., state, district, sub-district, towns and villages) is finalized to ensure full coverage
o To achieve this, instructions are issued

before census to ban creation of new administration units

o This allows finalizing list of villages and

towns and prepare the frame for census.

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Administrative Hierarchy
Country
State (35) District (593)

Sub-district (5,463)

C D Block (6,406)

Town (5,161)

Village (0.6 million)

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Ward

2001 Census Coding Scheme

o Unique code is allotted to each state,

district, sub-district, town, village and EB

o State/UT o District

. . .

2 digits (within the country) 2 digits (within the state/UT)

o Sub-district
o Village

. 4 digits (within the district)

8 digits (within the state/UT)

o Town

8 digits (within the district)

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Coding Scheme
o Permanent Location Code Number (PLCN) assigned to each and every village in the country for the first time in 2001 Census o PLCNs would remain unchanged in future censuses

o PLCNs are unique within the state o PLCN would allow easy:

Updating village list Recasting in case of re-organization Time series analysis.

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GIS Database Design

Integration of GIS technology in Census Mapping
o GIS introduced in Indian Census in 1992 o Such software, as, ArcInfo, ArcView and ArcGIS

have been extensively used o About 60 skilled professionals are engaged in GIS related work in 17 centres located in different parts of the country.

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GIS Database Design

Pre-Census mapping
o Maps showing jurisdictional boundaries

are updated by incorporating changes before every census and used for precensus work o This work takes about three years to complete.

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Updating the maps

INDIA (States/UTs) INDIA (Districts)

State/UT (Districts) -35

DISTRICT-593 (Sub districts) TOWNS-5,161 (Wards) SUB-DISTRICT5,463 (Village) WARDS (Charge)
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Uttaranchal

India Newly Created States During 1991-2001

Jharkhand

Chhattisgarh

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India New Districts During 1991-2001

Newly created districts 127

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Tamil Nadu Chennai- New Areas During 1981-91

New Areas During 1981-91

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GIS Database Design

Stored as separate layers
o India: Showing States/Union Territories o India: Showing Districts o India: Showing Sub-Districts

o States: Showing Sub-Districts

o District: Showing Sub-Districts o Sub-District: Showing Village locations or

Village boundaries o District: Showing Village locations or Village boundaries

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Post Census Mapping

o After the census various types of thematic

maps portraying census and house listing data are prepared at country, state, district, subdistrict level o These maps are used in checking the quality of census data before publishing the results by comparing 1991 and 2001 Census data o Extensive use of maps have been made using PowerPoint presentations while sensitizing the data users with the 2001 Census results.

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Post Census Mapping

List of Publications:
o Census Atlas - National Volume
o Population Atlas - National Volume o Census Atlases of each State and Union Territory o District Census Hand Book maps

o Tribal Atlas of India.

o Administrative Atlas of India o Administrative Atlases of States and Union territories o Language Atlas of India

o Housing Atlas of India

o Map Profile 2001 India, State and Union Territories o Preparation of 593 District maps of the country showing

villages
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Child Sex Ratio in Age Group 0-6 (India by Districts)

1991
A
A

2001

CHILD SEX RATIO 800 AND BELOW 801 - 850 851 - 900 901 - 950 ( N.A. - 927) 951 - 1000 1001 AND ABOVE

The 1991 Census was not held in J & k

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Households Using Electricity for Lighting (1981-2001) (India by States)

1981

1991

2001

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Female Literacy Rate (1981-2001) (India by Districts)

1981

1991

2001

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Digital Database for Dissemination

o Indian Census has been a major supplier of map

products in the country both in print form and in digital form. o With revision in policy it has now become possible to disseminate digital database o Users could be categorized into three groups:

Users who want to procure geographic database for developing their own applications Users who would like to use a pre-packaged database product developed by the Census Organisation and

Users who would like to view thematic maps in the form of static pages
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Digital Database for Dissemination

o Census Organisation meets the need of all the

three category of users o Digital database are procured by large business houses, software developers for preparing GIS applications for use o Census Organisation releases pre-packaged GIS products on selected census themes, which allow certain degree of interactivity both in CD as well on the Internet o Static thematic maps are also disseminated in print and also made available on the census website.

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Development of GIS Applications

o Before any GIS application is developed, it is

important to keep in mind the target users and their need o Too much information should not be packed in one application o Care should be taken to make the application focused and user-friendly o Need for development would usually arise by regular interactions with the data users over a period of time.
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GIS Applications developed by Census

o CensusInfo India (on CD) o Census GIS Punjab (on CD and Internet) o Census GIS India (on Internet)

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Development of CensusInfo India

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First application developed by Census Based on ChildInfo software developed by UNICEF CensusInfo India allows generation of maps up to sub-district level Steps involved include:

Finalizing geographic database

Finalizing attribute database

Integration of the two using GIS software
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Development of CensusInfo India

o

CensusInfo allows extraction of data in the form of tables, drawing graphs and charts and generating thematic maps CensusInfo covered the following subjects:

Demographic Economic Education Housing

Amenities available
Assets available
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CensusInfo India Home Page

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Gender Gap in Literacy

India by Districts 2001 Census

Prepared by using CensusInfo India

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Households Owning Television

North Eastern India by Sub-districts

Prepared by using CensusInfo India

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Development of Census GIS Punjab

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Objective of developing Census GIS Punjab module was to empower District Administration to identify less developed regions to allow directing resources to these areas for development The module allows generating thematic maps:

At village level Search based on a simple and even complex query Presenting resultant outputs in MS Word and MS Excel format.
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Census GIS India Punjab Home Page

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Development of Census GIS Punjab

Data Content:
o

On housing, household amenities and assets up to village level

On population, number of literates and literacy rates, type and category of workers, etc. up to village level
On amenities and infrastructural facilities available in villages

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Development of Census GIS Punjab

Preparation:
o o

Data content finalized as per given format Geographic digital databases of Punjab by districts, sub-districts and villages given to software developer Software developer integrated the two and produced the module for dissemination on CD

Selection of suitable software for producing GIS application is difficult.

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Census GIS Punjab Template

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Proportion of Agricultural Labourers Fatehgarh Sahib District : Punjab

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Low Child Sex Ratio

( Less than 750 females per thousand males)

in three Punjab Districts

Amritsar Kapurthala

Firozepur
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Census GIS India on Internet

Features:
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Extends the facility of preparing thematic maps on Census subjects on the web

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Large variety of data made available

Maps up to Sub-district level Absolutely free

Output maps generated by the users could be used in reports and presentations.
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Census GIS India on Internet

Data Content:
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Population Houses, household amenities and assets Religion Age and marital status Economic status Disability

Literacy and education

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Census GIS on Internet

Home Page

http://www.censusindiamaps.net
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Census GIS India on Internet Template

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Poor Literacy Rate (Less than 50%)

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Demonstration
o CensusInfo India o Census GIS Punjab

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. Thank you
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