MINI PROJECT

BY
A.NIRANJAN P.DHANUNJAYA RAO M.V.VIKRAM CH.ABHILASH K.RAKESH PRASAD

PROJECT GUIDE: G.RAJESH

STRESS METER

This stress monitor lets you asses your emotional pain. If the stress is very high, it

gives visual indication through a light-emitting diode (LED) display along with a
warning beep.

The gadget is based on the principle that the resistance of the skin varies in accordance with your emotional states.

If the stress level is high the skin offers less resistance, and if the body is relaxed the skin resistance is high.

This property of the skin is used here to measure the stress level. The touch pads of the stress meter sense the voltage variations across the touch pads and convey the same to the circuit.

HARD WARE DESCRIPTION:

2.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

COMPONENTS:

1)IC LM3915 (1 nos.)

2) Touch Pads.

3) 9V Battery (1 nos.)

4) LEDs (1 Green, 2 Red, 2 Blue)

5)Transistor BC548 (1 nos.)

6)Zener Diode 5.1V, 0.5W (1 nos.) Cont.2

7)Switch (1 nos.)

8)Piezo Buzzer (1 nos.).

9)Diode 1N4148 (1 nos.)

10)Variable Resistor (1M ) , 47K

11)Resistors(47K ,560 ,470 ) ,1.2K ,1K ,470

12)Capacitor 100uF, 16v (3 nos.)

PIN CONFIGURATION OF IC LM3915:

INTEGRATED CHIP:

The LM3915 is a monolithic integrated circuit that senses analog voltage

levels and drives many LEDs.

The IC contains an adjustable voltage reference and an accurate ten-step voltage divider. The high-impedance input buffer accepts

signals down to ground and up to within 1.5V of the positive supply.

Further, it needs no protection against inputs of 35V.

The LM3915's 3 dB/step display is suited for signals with wide dynamic range, such as audio level, power, light intensity or vibration

FEATURES

3 dB/step, 30 dB range.

Drives LEDs, LCDs, or vacuum fluorescents.

Bar or dot display mode externally selectable by user. Expandable to displays of 90 Db. Internal voltage reference from 1.2V to 12V. Operates with single supply of 3V to 25V Output current programmable from 1 mA to 30 mA. The internal 10-floating and can be referenced to a wide range of voltages. Outputs are current regulated, open collectors.

TRANSISTOR BC 548

BC548 is general purpose silicon, NPN,

bipolar junction transistor.

It is used for amplification and switching purposes.

The transistor terminals require a fixed DC voltage to operate in the desired region of its characteristic curves. This is known as

the biasing.

BC548 is used in common emitter configuration for amplifiers

CAPACITORS

A capacitor is a passive electronic component consisting of a pair of conductor separated by a dielectric (insulator).

Working of a capacitor.

Units of capacitor.

In the stress meter capacitor C2 is the flashing elements.

And Capacitor C3 should be placed close to pin 3 chip for proper

functioning of the IC.

RESISTORS

Resistor is a electronic and electrical device.

The function of the resistor is to opposing the flow of electrons.

Resistors are also implemented within integrated circuits particularly analog devices, and can also be integrated into many circuits.

Units of resistor is ohm.

In the stress meter Resistor R4 and R5 are the flashing elements of LEDs.

And Resistor R3 maintains the LED current around 20mA.

VARIAC

A variac is a three legged electronic component which can be made to offer varying resistance in a circuit. In the stress meter we going to used two variacs. 1.VR1 2.VR2

By varying VR1, the sensitivity of T1 can be adjusted to the desired level. The amplified signal from transistor T1 is given to the input of IC LM3915 (IC1) through VR2.

LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE

A lighting emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source.

LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many devices, and are increasingly
used for lighting. Here, weve used only five LEDs connected at pins 14 through 18 of IC1.LED1 glows when input pin 5 of IC1 receives 150mv.

LED5 glows when the voltages rises to 650mv and LED5 flashes and piezobuzzer PZ1 beeps when the stress level is high.

Advantages ,Disadvantages of LEDs . Applications of LEDs.

PIEZO BUZZER

Piezobuzzer is made from two conductors that are separated by Piezo crystals.

When a voltage is applied to these crystals, they push on one conductor and pull on the other. The result of this push and pull is a sound wave.

These buzzers can be used for many things, like signaling when a period of time is up or making a sound when a particular button has been pushed.

In this stress meter piezobuzzer PZ1 beeps when the stress level is high.

DIODE

A diode is a two terminal electronic component that conducts electric current in only one direction.

Construction and working of Diode. In the stress meter Diode D1 maintains proper biasing of T1 and capacitor

C1 keeps the voltage from the emitter of T1 steady.

Advantages of Diodes

ZENER DIODE

A Zener diode is a type of diodes that permits current not only in the forward direction like a normal diode,.

But also in the reverse direction if the voltage is larger

than the breakdown voltage known as "Zener voltage.

Construction and working of Zener Diode. Advantages and applications of ZD1 .

In this stress meter . Zener diode ZD1 in series with resistor R6 and it provides regulated 5v to the circuit.

BATTERY

Introduction of 9V battery. Construction and working of 9V Battery.

TOUCH PADS
A touch pad is a device for pointing (controlling input positioning) on a computer display screen While touchpads, like touch screens, by their design are able to sense absolute position, resolution is limited by their size

SWITCH
a switch is an electrical component that can break an electrical circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another. The switch mechanism has two positions: open (off ) closed(on) But it is called SPST(Single Pole, Single Throw) Switch.

Soldering

Soldering is a process in which two or more metal items are joined together by melting and flowing a filler metal into the joint, the filler metal having a lower melting point than the work piece.

conclusion

This stress monitor lets you asses your emotional pain. If the stress is very

high, it gives visual indication through a light-emitting diode (LED)

display along with a warning beep.

The gadget is based on the principle that the resistance of the skin varies in

accordance with your emotional states.

If the stress level is high the skin offers less resistance, and if the body is relaxed the skin resistance is high.

This property of the skin is used here to measure the stress level. The touch pads of the stress meter sense the voltage variations across the touch pads and convey the same to the circuit.