ENVIORNMENT MANAGEMENT & SUSTAINABILITY

At the global scale and in the broadest sense sustainability and environmental management involves managing the oceans, freshwater systems, land and atmosphere Land use change is fundamental to the operations of the biosphere because alterations in the relative proportions of land dedicated to urbanisation, agriculture, forest, woodland, grassland and pasture have a marked effect on the global water, carbon and nitrogen biogeochemical cycles. Management of the Earth's atmosphere involves assessment of all aspects of the carbon cycle to identify opportunities to address human-induced climate change and this has become a major focus of scientific research because of the potential catastrophic effects on biodiversity and human communities. Ocean circulation patterns have a strong influence on climate and weather and, in turn, the food supply of both humans and other organisms.

Atmosphere
In March 2009 at a meeting of the Copenhagen Climate Council 2,500 climate experts from 80 countries issued a keynote statement about"no excuse" for failing to act on global warming and that without strong carbon reduction targets "abrupt or irreversible" shifts in climate may occur that "will be very difficult for contemporary societies to cope with". Management of the global atmosphere now involves assessment of all aspects of the carbon cycle to identify opportunities to address human-induced climate change and this has become a major focus of scientific research because of the potential catastrophic effects on biodiversity and human communities. Other human impacts on the atmosphere include the air pollution in cities, the pollutants including toxic chemicals like nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, volatile organic compounds and particulate matter that produce photochemical smog and acid rain, and the chlorofluorocarbons that degrade the ozone layer. Anthropogenic particulates such as sulfate aerosols in the atmosphere reduce the direct irradiance and reflectance of the Earth's surface. Known as global dimming the decrease is estimated to have been about 4% between 1960 and 1990 although the trend has subsequently reversed. Global dimming may have disturbed the global water cycle by reducing evaporation and rainfall in some areas. It also creates a cooling effect and this may have partially masked the effect of greenhouse gases on global warming.

Oceans

Ocean circulation patterns have a strong influence on climate and weather and, in turn, the food supply of both humans and other organisms. Scientists have warned of the possibility, under the influence of climate change, of a sudden alteration in circulation patterns of ocean currents that could drastically alter the climate in some regions of the globe. Major human environmental impacts occur in the more habitable regions of the ocean fringes. Ten per cent of the world's population about 600 million people live in low-lying areas vulnerable to sea level rise. Trends of concern that require management include: over-fishing (beyond sustainable levels); coral bleaching due to ocean warming and ocean acidification due to increasing levels of dissolved carbon dioxide; and sea level rise due to climate change. Because of their vastness oceans also act as a convenient dumping ground for human waste. Remedial strategies include: more careful waste management, statutory control of overfishing by adoption of sustainable fishing practices and the use of environmentally sensitive and sustainable aquaculture and fish farming , reduction of fossil fuel emissions and restoration of coastal and other marine habitat.

Freshwater
Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface. Of this, 97.5% is the salty water of the oceans and only 2.5% freshwater, most of which is locked up in the Antarctic ice sheet. The remaining freshwater is found in lakes, rivers, wetlands, the soil, aquifers and atmosphere. All life depends on the solar-powered global water cycle, the evaporation from oceans and land to form water vapour that later condenses from clouds as rain, which then becomes the renewable part of the freshwater supply. Awareness of the global importance of preserving water for ecosystem services has only recently emerged as, during the 20th century, more than half the worlds wetlands have been lost along with their valuable environmental services. Biodiversity-rich freshwater ecosystems are currently declining faster than marine or land ecosystems making them the world's most vulnerable habitats. Increasing urbanization pollutes clean water supplies and much of the world still does not have access to clean, safe water. In the industrial world demand management has slowed absolute usage rates but increasingly water is being transported over vast distances from water-rich natural areas to population-dense urban areas and energy-hungry desalination is becoming more widely used. Greater emphasis is now being placed on the improved management of blue (harvestable) and green (soil water available for plant use) water, and this applies at all scales of water management.

Land
Loss of biodiversity stems largely from the habitat loss and fragmentation produced by the human appropriation of land for development, forestry and agriculture as natural capital is progressively converted to man-made capital. Land use change is fundamental to the operations of the biosphere because alterations in the relative proportions of land dedicated to urbanisation, agriculture, forest, woodland, grassland and pasture have a marked effect on the global water, carbon and nitrogen biogeochemical cycles and this can impact negatively on both natural and human systems. At the local human scale major sustainability benefits accrue from the pursuit of green cities and sustainable parks and gardens.

Forests
Since the Neolithic Revolution, human use has reduced the worlds forest cover by about 47%. Present-day forests occupy about a quarter of the worlds ice-free land with about half of these occurring in the tropics In temperate and boreal regions forest area is gradually increasing (with the exception of Siberia), but deforestation in the tropics is of major concern. Forests moderate the local climate and the global water cycle through their light reflectance and evapotranspiration. They also conserve biodiversity, protect water quality, preserve soil and soil quality, provide fuel and pharmaceuticals, and purify the air. These free ecosystem services are not given a market value under most current economic systems, and so forest conservation has little appeal when compared with the economic benefits of logging and clearance which, through soil degradation and organic decomposition returns carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. [ The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that about 90% of the carbon stored in land vegetation is locked up in trees and that they sequester about 50% more carbon than is present in the atmosphere. Changes in land use currently contribute about 20% of total global carbon emissions (heavily logged Indonesia and Brazil are a major source of emissions).[ Climate change can be mitigated by sequestering carbon in reafforestation schemes, plantations and timber products. Also wood biomass can be utilized as a renewable carbon-neutral fuel. The FAO has suggested that, over the period 20052050, effective use of tree planting could absorb about 1020% of man-made emissions so monitoring the condition of the world's forests must be part of a global strategy to mitigate emissions and protect ecosystem services. However, climate change may pre-empt this FAO scenario as a study by the International Union of Forest Research Organizations in 2009 concluded that the stress of a 2.5C (4.5F) temperature rise above pre-industrial levels could result in the release of vast amounts of carbon so the potential of forests to act as carbon "sinks" is "at risk of being lost entirely".

Cultivated land
Feeding more than six billion human bodies takes a heavy toll on the Earths resources. This begins with the appropriation of about 38% of the Earths land surface and about 20% of its net primary productivity. Added to this are the resource-hungry activities of industrial agribusiness everything from the crop need for irrigation water, synthetic fertilizers and pesticides to the resource costs of food packaging, transport (now a major part of global trade) and retail. Food is essential to life. But the list of environmental costs of food production is a long one: topsoil depletion, erosion and conversion to desert from constant tillage of annual crops; overgrazing; salinization; sodification; waterlogging; high levels of fossil fuel use; reliance on inorganic fertilisers and synthetic organic pesticides; reductions in genetic diversity by the mass use of monocultures; water resource depletion; pollution of waterbodies by run-off and groundwater contamination; social problems including the decline of family farms and weakening of rural communities. All of these environmental problems associated with industrial agriculture and agribusiness are now being addressed through such movements as sustainable agriculture, organic farming and more sustainable business practices.

Biological Invasion
In many parts of the industrial world land clearing for agriculture has diminished and here the greatest threat to biodiversity, after climate change, has become the destructive effect of invasive species. Increasingly efficient global transport has facilitated the spread of organisms across the planet. The potential danger of this aspect of globalization is starkly illustrated through the spread of human diseases like HIV AIDS, mad cow disease, bird flu and swine flu, but invasive plants and animals are also having a devastating impact on native biodiversity. Non-indigenous organisms can quickly occupy disturbed land and natural areas where, in the absence of their natural predators, they are able to thrive. At the global scale this issue is being addressed through the Global Invasive Species Information Network but there is improved international biosecurity legislation to minimise the transmission of pathogens and invasive organisms. Also, through CITES legislation there is control the trade in rare and threatened species. Increasingly at the local level public awareness programs are alerting communities, gardeners, the nursery industry, collectors, and the pet and aquarium industries, to the harmful effects of potentially invasive species

CASES

COCO COLA
How does Coca-Cola integrate sustainability into their operations? For several years its facility in Brampton, Ontario, one of its largest in North America, has been transforming its manufacturing and distribution to save energy, reduce carbon footprint, water usage, and material usage. In this case study we look at the goals, implementation, and progress of the programs put in place by this $20 billion food and beverage giant. Coca-Colas 600,000 square foot facility in Brampton houses the plant, management team, and warehouse. It has three plastic bottling lines, including a Dasani line; one bag-in-box line producing syrup for national accounts; one pre-mix line for the restaurant business, and one canning line. There are 650 plant operators, sales and equipment service representatives, truck drivers, warehouse employees, management and staff. Located within the eco-business zone around Toronto Pearson International Airport, Coca-Cola in Brampton joins the local community of businesses to collaborate on green projects. Under the stewardship of Partners in Project Green, businesses participate in programs to reduce energy and resource costs, uncover new business opportunities, and address everyday operational challenges in a green and cost-effective manner. Other companies in this program include Xerox, Unilever, FedEx, Hewlett-Packard, Walmart, Kraft, and LoyaltyOne. Social and environmental risks are now one of seven business risk categories and are formally embedded into Coca-Colas enterprise risk management process. This in turn guides the business processes, including annual planning, three-year business planning, and internal audit planning. As a result, sustainability decisions are becoming an integral part of the business decision making, commercialization and capital management processes, the three-year business planning process, and customer and supplier relationships. Highlighted here are some of their goals, implementation, and progress.

Energy Conservation and Climate Change The goal is to reduce the overall carbon footprint of our business operations by 15 percent by 2020, as compared to the 2007 baseline. The Brampton operation converted to an energy efficient lighting system that uses 50% less energy and provides 50% more light. These new fixtures also operate on motion sensors for even greater savings. In the distribution channels, the company has installed 2000 EMS-55 energy management devices in vending machines. These devices activate lights and adjust cooling based on use, leading to improved energy efficiency by up to 35 percent. In addition, the company installed 1,400 climate-friendly coolers at the 2010 Olympic Games to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 5,600 metric tons, the equivalent of taking about 1,200 cars off the road for an entire year. Finally, 37 heavy-duty hybrid delivery trucks and tractors were introduced to the Canadian fleet in 2008 and 2009. These vehicles improve fuel consumption and reduce emissions by about one third and create less noise and emissions when stopped in traffic.

Water Usage The goal is to establish a water-sustainable operation to minimize water use and have a water-neutral impact on the local communities by safely returning the amount of water used in the beverages to the local communities and environment. A 20% reduction in water use, accompanied by an efficiency ratio of 1.62 litres was achieved between 2005 and 2007. Plant teams focused on: 1) reducing the water use ratio; and 2) recycling the water used in operations (wastewater treatment). To help reach its water usage goals the company developed and used a water conservation toolkit to identify actions that would conserve water. It implemented recycle and reclaim water loops through the plants membrane water treatment system. And it installed a new osmotic water recovery system designed to reclaim nearly 11 million litres of water for production. In addition water based container rinsers were replaced with ionized air rinsers and the lubrication system on all production lines was retrofitted to discontinue water use, saving approximately 28 million litres of water annually.

Sustainable Packaging and Recycling The goals are to: (1) avoid the use of 100,000 metric tons of packaging materials between 2007 and 2010, (2) recycle or recover more than 90% of waste materials at production facilities by 2010, (3) increase recycled content in plastic (PET) bottles to an average of 10% by 2010. For goal (1), Dasani PET bottle weight was reduced by 30%, saving 493 metric tons of PET. Plastic twist-off closures were designed 24% lighter, saving 235 metric tons of resin. Also, lighter fibreboard was developed for Minute Maid products saving 124 metric tons of fiberboard annually. The company also launched the PlantBottle, a 100% recyclable packaging made with up to 30% plant-based waste materials. Goal (2) was achieved in 2009, ahead of schedule. The team also implemented a centralized recycling initiative that captures broken, damaged or expired product packaging from satellite facilities to be baled and sold to an industrial recycler. Investments were made to achieve green innovations in recycling technologies, renewable packaging materials, vending and cooling equipment controls and design, and hybrid trucks. Among the tools used was a proprietary packaging database to identify opportunities for future packaging material reductions and to benchmark performance against the global Coca-Cola system. See here for more on sustainable packaging. The Coca-Cola operation in Brampton has shown that there are advantages to thinking outside the box. By respecting the finite nature of the earths water and resources the operation is implementing innovative business practices and contributing to the sustainability of communities while meeting the expectations of its stakeholders.

ITC

Indian hotel chain ITC-Welcom Group was recently awarded the LEED India Platinum Rating for its new hotel in Bangalore, India, the ITC Hotel Royal Gardenia. The LEED-India Rating System encourages and facilitates the development of more sustainable buildings for innovation in design and environment practices. The hotel, which opened in October 2009, took a holistic approach to sustainability deploying green practices in all areas including air conditioning, thermal engineering, energy efficient lighting, water, as well as creating what it terms the green guest experience.

Key elements of the in room experience are the use of eco-responsible toiletries and cleaning materials, allergen free mattress and pillow protections, and eco-friendly amenities, for example, bathrobes are made of organic cotton and recycled stationery. Even the mini bars are dubbed eco friendly, using heat absorption cooling technology that uses no compressors and is therefore completely silent in operation.
Other green initiatives at the ITC Hotel Royal Gardenia are:

Air Conditioning Royal Gardenia has the Ever Green Chillers ( 23XRV Carrier) provides air conditioning comfort with lowest Electrical Energy Input ( .45 Kwhr/TR) Variable primary Chilled water flow ensures optimum level of chilled water flow thus saving 10% of electrical energy when compared to a conventional system Energy efficient ARI certified cooling towers consumes lowest energy when compared to conventional cooling towers Co2 Sensors based fresh air handling units operated by IBMS leads to optimum comfort to guest while saving energy Incomm Guest Digital Assistant ensures customized room climate controls and ensures no waste of energy Double glazed windows energy efficient glass ensures minimal sun light penetration thus reduction in air conditioning load All the restaurants - air handling units are fitted with sophisticated pressure independent valves to control the chilled water flow thus avoiding the wastage of energy Back of the house offices are provided with variable air volume based air conditioning leading to energy saving while providing environmental friendly work atmosphere Thermal Engineering Energy efficient boilers automated operations with O2 trimming consumes less diesel to produce more steam 100 percentage wasted heat recovery ( condensate recovery) ensures energy saving

Energy efficient lighting Energy efficient lighting at the back of the house using compact fluorescent lights, energy efficient tube lights etc. Usage of LEDs, CFLs, in the guest rooms Computerized controls for light dimmers in the restaurant, while providing mood lighting saving the electrical energy Energy efficient periphery lighting Water Separate treatment for Grey water and black water and reutilisation of the same back in flush water and in processes ensures reduction in water consumption Water flow restrictors in all the water taps Drip irrigation for entire landscaping Zero Solid Waste Waste segregation at source Recycling of solid waste with organic waste converter (produces manure out of solid waste)

NOKIA

At Nokia, we love the future its what our strategy is all about. With our strategy, we aim to lead in sustainability for the people and the environment. Social strategy: empowering people Over a billion people in the world use a Nokia phone. So we have a unique opportunity to make differences that go beyond our own activities, to improve peoples livelihoods, educate and encourage more sustainable lifestyles. Environmental strategy: minimising negative impact, maximising positive impact We aim to lead in the reduction of any negative environmental impact. We have a user base of more than one billion people which means that we have a unique opportunity to make an impact that goes beyond our own activities. Thats why we aim to offer people products and solutions that help them make sustainable choices. Also, by closely collaborating with our suppliers, we also hope to improve the environmental performance of our supply chain. Products with sustainability: life cycle thinking Our environmental work is based on considering the environment during the entire life cycle of all our products, which begins with the extraction of raw materials for production, and continues with recycling, treatment of waste, and recovery of used materials. Beyond requirements Our environmental targets are never driven simply by regulatory compliance they actually go beyond legal requirements. Environmental issues are everyones responsibility at Nokia they are a part of everything we do.

Our environmental work focuses on minimising negative impact, based on global principles and standards that we integrate in our business activities. We focus our environmental efforts on four key issues: Substance management We are the first mobile phone manufacturer to provide full material declaration for all our mobile devices, working closely with our suppliers. More about substance management More about our supply chain Energy efficiency We ensure our devices and chargers use as little energy as possible. We also work to reduce the energy consumption of our operations, and agree on energy efficiency targets with our key suppliers. More about energy efficiency More about environmental performance in our operations More about our environmental performance in the supply chain Recycling Our recycling programme includes around 6,000 points across almost 100 countries that collect old mobile phones. Its an initiative to increase awareness of recycling, as well as to help return materials for reuse. More about recycling Promoting environmental sustainability We develop mobile products, services and applications to help people make sustainable choices, and to consider the environment in their everyday lives. In these positive ways we lead the reduction of negative environmental impact. More about sustainability and our devices

limate strategy: minimising greenhouse gas emissions Nokia put forward its first climate strategy in 2006. Our plan looks at the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions related to Nokia products and operations, and sets reduction targets for all our activities in these areas. Nokia is not an energy intensive company, and most of the greenhouse gas emissions occur in component manufacturing by our suppliers, or in the usage of our products but we want to show leadership and take responsibility in raising awareness and promoting best practices. Greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets By the year 2020, our aspirational target is to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions throughout the life cycle of each device by over 60%, compared to levels in the year 2000.* To reach this goal, we have set targets for specific areas of the device life cycle. Products By the end of 2012, we aim to reduce the average charger's no-load power consumption by 75%, compared to the level in 2006. We will continue to study new technologies which will use renewable energy resources, such as solar panels and kinetic energy, and also develop solutions to enhance the energy efficiency of our products. Manufacturing and facilities By the end of 2012, we aim to reduce energy used in production by 20% for each unit produced, compared to year 2008. By the end of 2012, we aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions for each person working in Nokia offices and R&D by a minimum of 23%, compared to year 2006. By the end of 2020, we aim to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions for the Nokia offices, R&D and manufacturing facilities by a minimum of 30%, compared to year 2006.** We will continue to develop our Green Data Centre strategy that is already implemented in Finland. This strategy includes delivering targeted cooling, environmentally friendly backup power and energy efficient server racks.

Logistics By the end of 2012, we aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions for each sales package produced by 20%, compared to year 2008. Supply chain By the end of 2012, we aim to ensure that all our key suppliers set energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emission reduction targets. Travel and commuting By the end of 2012, we aim to maintain annual air travel related greenhouse gas emissions well below the 2008 level (in total and for each employee). By the end of 2012, we aim to renew the Nokia remote working framework and increase the number of countries where employee public transport options are offered and car lease policies are tied to lower emission limits. Targets and performance: We reached and exceeded our target of reducing no-load power used by our chargers by 50% from 2006 to 2010. We created 6% of new energy savings in technical building maintenance systems between 2007 and 2010, in addition to the savings of 3.5% achieved already from 2003 to 2006. We reached and exceeded our targets to reduce facility related CO2 emissions by 10% in 2009 and 18% in 2010 compared to 2006 level.

 Water vision and mission Water is critical and valuable resource, and its availability to future generations has to be assured. Even though Nokia's operations are not considered as water intensive, water has strategic importance in our supply chain and it is a necessity for communities around us. We have taken action to ensure Nokia's operations cause a minimal amount of additional burden for the environment. We support various water conservation projects especially in the water scarce areas. We work with expert organizations on how to best utilize mobile technology in issues such as water efficiency, awareness rising or improved water management. We are committed to drive efficient water use in our supply chain. We do this by collaborating with our suppliers to increase awareness, set water reduction targets and support best practices in water management

BASF

GREEN PURCHASING
Environmental issues are increasingly becoming important in managing any business today. Growing demand from overseas buyers for eco friendly products Hence, industries in Europe and Japan- are shifting to environment friendly products or eco-products as the business strategy for future sustainability and competitiveness. Presently there is a limited market for the eco-products. In many countries the governments, industries and civil society organizations are working together to purchase ecoproducts which would ultimately benefit the environment and thus the society. For this Green Purchasing and Green Supply Chain are the two popular approaches adopted around the world.

 Environmentally Preferable Purchasing (EPP), often referred to as green purchasing, is the affirmative selection and acquisition of products and services that most effectively minimize negative environmental impacts over their life cycle of manufacturing, transportation, use and recycling or disposal. In simple words, green purchasing is adding environmental aspects to price and performance criteria when making purchasing decisions. Ultimate goal is to reduce environmental impacts of sourcing and to increase resource efficiency. Green purchasing is now relatively common among larger companies and appears to be increasingly used as a corporate practice

 Germany undertook structured green public procurement activity in the 1980s followed by other European countries like Denmark (1994),France (1995), UK, Austria (1997) and Sweden (1998). The US EPA developed Guidance for Environmentally Preferable Purchasing, while Japan enacted the Green Purchasing Law in May 2000 to promote green purchasing as national policy. The law requires all governmental bodies including local governments to practice green purchasing and report the summarized purchasing records to the public.

IGPN

IGPN is located in Tokyo, Japan. It globally promotes the spread of environmentally friendly product and service development and Green Purchasing activities. It shares information and know-how internationally on Green Purchasing and environmentally friendly products and services. It also harmonizes the efforts of Green Purchasing and the development of environmentally friendly products and services from a global viewpoint. Outline of Activities: 1. Collect and deliver information on global Green Purchasing activities, the best examples and recent trends. 2. Hold workshops in each region. 3. Hold regular international conferences on a global scale. 4. Co operate to develop tools that can be used internationally ( mid-to- long term activity objective) 5. Other activities like market research, promoting Green Purchasing.

GPNI: Green Purchasing Network India

GPNI is an evolving network of professionals interested and active in the general area of sustainable consumption and productionmore specifically: Green Purchasing and Public Procurement. It is currently a loose informal network of professionals primarily operating as an internet based electronic forum.

The objectives of the GPNI are: 1. To create awareness amongst Indian industry and other stakeholders about Green Purchasing and Procurement(GPP) 2. To encourage and facilitate implementation of GPP and Greening Supply Chains (GSC) projects to enhance the competitiveness of the Indian industries.

Product Standards
Purchase products that have environmentally-friendly attributes (recycled materials,nontoxic ingredients). Purchase products that disclose their environmental attributes (eco-labeling)

Behavior Standards
Require suppliers to disclose information about their environmental practices,Pollution discharges, etc. Audit suppliers to evaluate their environmental performance Require suppliers to implement and maintain an Environmental Management System Require suppliers to have an EMS that meets recognized standards (such as EMAS,ISO 14001, Responsible Care, etc.). Require suppliers to obtain formal certification of their EMS.

Collaboration
Work with suppliers to help them reduce environmental impacts through changes inproduct design and materials use. Product stewardship: Active management of all aspects of the product from raw materials to final disposal

Thank You