SDH Basics

Objective
What is SDH? SDH System Standards Frame Structure Multiplexing Advantages

What is SDH?????
SDH is a timing hierarchy
Allows higher and more flexible bit-rates than PDH Uses a different frame structure and synchronization

Hierarchical synchronization
One master clock to synchronize whole operator network

SDH System
TERMINAL EQUIPMENT REGENERATOR ADD / DROP MULTIPLEXER

Standards
Optical Signal STM-0 STM-1 STM- 4 STM-16 STM-64 STM-256 Bit Rate 51.84 Mbps 155.52 Mbps 622.080 Mbps 2488.320 Mbps 9953.280 Mbps 39813.12 Mbps Abbreviated as 51 Mbps 155 Mbps 622 Mbps 2.4 Gbps 10 Gbps 40 Gbps

TX END

RX END

STM-1 Frame Format

Frame =125s

Frame =125s

Frame = 125s

STM-1 = 270 Columns (2430 bytes)

1 2 3 Regenerator Section Overhead H1 H2 H3

Administrative Unit
Capacity of the Virtual Container + Pointers 9 Rows

Pointers

4 5 6 7 8 9

H1H1 H1 H2 H2 H2 H3 H3 H3

Multiplex Section Overhead

Overhead width = 9 columns

STM-N Frame Format

Frame Format
STM - Section overhead and Administrative unit Section overhead Regenerator section overhead and Multiplex section Section Overhead overhead Administrative unit Virtual container Regenerator Overhead and pointers Virtual container - Payload and Path overhead information 1 Byte=8bits * 8000 frames/sec=64 Kbps
Multiplex overhead

STM-N

Administrative unit

Pointer

Virtual Container

Path overhead

Payload

The Container (C) Basic packaging unit for tributary signals (PDH)

The Virtual Container (VC) Formation of the Container by adding of a POH (Path Overhead) The Tributary Unit (TU) Is formed via adding a pointer to the VC The Tributary Unit Group (TUG) Combines several TUs for a new VC The Administrative Unit (AU) Is shaped if a pointer is allocated to the VC formed at last The Synchronous Transport Module (STM-N) Formed by adding a Section Overhead (SOH) to AUs

SDH Multiplexing

SDH Multiplexing
4 columns TU 12 9X4 1 2 3 4 9 rows

Stuffing and POH TUG-3 9 X 84

Section Over Head
P O H P O H P O H

1 2 3

TUG-2 9 X 12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
TUG - 3 TUG - 3 TUG - 3

(9 X 9)

Advantages
High speed standards Efficient Multiplexing / Demultiplexing Enhanced Operation, administration, Provisioning, Maintenance capabilities (OAM&P) A reduction in the amount of equipment . The provision of overhead and payload bytes Synchronous multiplexing format for carrying lower-level digital signals is justified. The availability of a set of generic standards, which enable multi-vendor interoperability.