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The Marcos rule

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Marcos Becomes President

In the presidential election of November 9, 1965, the Liberal Party was repudiated by the Filipino people at the polls. President Macapagal, running for re-election under the LP banner, was defeated together with his teammate, Senator Gerardo Roxas. Senate President Ferdinand E. Marcos and Senator Fernando Lopez, Nacionalista party candidates, were elected President and VicePresident, respectively. Marcos and Lopez were former Liberals.
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The

NP once more became the party in power. Filipino voters enthusiastically voted for the Nacionalista candidates because of

this nation can be great again


Marcos battle cry

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Marcos First Term (196569)


On

December 30, 1965, Marcos took his oath of office as the sixth President of the Philippine Republic. Vice-President Lopez was also inducted into office at the same time. Marcos was beset by serious problems. The national treasury was almost empty due to the extravagance of the Macapagal administration. The government was short of funds for essential services such as education, health, national defense social welfare, and infrastructure.
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Stabilization of government finances

Greater

production of rice by promoting the cultivation of miracle rice. Building more roads and bridges, schoolhouses, and other public works Intensive drive against smuggling, crime syndicates, and the communist New Peoples Army (NPA). Holding of Manila Summit Conference on October24-25, attended by the heads of state of Australia, South Korea, New Zealand, Philippines, South Vietnam, Thailand, and the United States.
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Marcos Wins Re-election (1969)


People

were obviously satisfied with his performance during his first term. The Nacionalista party won a sweeping victory. Only one Liberal Party senatorial candidate was elected. He was Benigno Aquino Jr. Former governor of Tarlac and the youngest of all senatorial aspirants.

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As

President Marcos commenced his second term, sombre clouds loomed in the Philippine skies, auguring the dark days for the young republic. Economic crisis brought about the rising oil price. Prevalence of dirty politics. Rampage of graft and corruption in the government. Widening gap between rich and poor. Impotency of the 1935 Philippine constitution to cope with the new socioeconomic problems Rising tides of crime, communism, and subversion 3/21/12

Plaza Miranda Massacre


After

the visit of Pope Paul VI, the conditions of the Philippines worsened. On the evening of August 21, 1971 during the proclamation rally of the LP (Liberal Party) candidates for local elections. Two fragmentation grenades, hurled by unidentified persons on the platform, killed 8 persons and injured 120.

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Suspension of writ of Habeas Corpus


Proclamation

No. 880 In order to maintain the peace and order, to secure the safety of the people, and preserve the authority of the state. In response to public opinion, President Marcos partially lifted his suspension order on Sept. 18, 1971, in 27 provinces, 3 subprovinces and 3 cities. On January 11, 1972, he restored the writ of Habeas corpus throughout the entire country.
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The Drift to Tyranny


The

Marcos administration claimed the resurgence of threats to the stability of the Republic. Obviously, the government was facing a number of crises, some of which threatened the stability of the country, but others was masterminded by the President Marcos himself in an attempt to prepare the way for his declaration of martial law.

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Martial Law And the New society


Since

regaining our freedom in 1946, the Filipino people experience the impact of martial law (1972-81). To save the republic, Reform the society The primary aim is to establish a political dynasty and prolong his reign over the Philippine land.

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Legality of the Martial Law


It

is an extra ordinary measure taken by the head of the state to defend or to protect the people from extreme danger due to lawless violence, anarchy, rebellion, or invasion. As a president, Marcos had the authority to impose martial law, under the Article VII (section 10, paragraph 2) of the 1935 constitution.

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All

news papers, television and radio stations, printing presses, and other means of mass media were closed and placed under military control. Some of them are later permitted to operate but under strict censorship. The spreading of false rumours was subject to the death penalty. Vital public utilities and industries, including manila electric company (meralco) and the Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company, and the Iligan Integrated Steel mill, were seized and placed under government control.

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All

student demonstrations and rallies, public political meetings, and labor strikes were strictly prohibited. Curfew was imposed from midnight to 4 am. All schools were closed for one week. A travel ban was imposed on Filipinos who wanted to go abroad, except on official missions. It was lifted on august 22, 1977, together with the curfew.

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For

the first five years of martial law, (197277), the Filipinos enjoyed peace and order in most places, political stability and greater economic prosperity. Hence, what ever misgivings the people may have had about the extensions of tenure and powers of the President Marcos, they gave him the benefit of the doubt to continue his reforms.

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The end of Martial Law


On

January 17, 1981, President Marcos signed Proclamation No. 2045, ending eight years and four months of Martial Law in the Philippines.

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The Fourth Republic


After

the end of Martial Law, the government of the Philippine republic changed drastically from the intended parliamentary democracy to a mixed presidential-parliamentary dictatorship under President Marcos

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Aquinos assassination
On

August 21, 1983, former senator Benigno S. Aquino Jr. Returned from a three-year exile in the United States. He was shot dead at the Manila International Airport

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The People Power


The

People Power Revolution (also known as the EDSA Revolution and the Philippine Revolution of 1986) was a series of popular demonstrations in the Philippines that occurred in 1983-86. The methods used amounted to a sustained campaign of civil resistance against regime violence and electoral fraud. This case of nonviolent revolution led to the departure of President Ferdinand Marcos and the restoration of the country's democracy. It is also referred to as the Yellow Revolution due to the presence of yellow ribbons during the demonstrations and 3/21/12 the arrival of Benigno Aquino, Jr. It was widely

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