TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND

ANIMALS
Organisms need food, water and oxygen for survival Waste produced in the body also need to be removed. A transport system in the organisms need to be in place for the same.

TRANSPORT IN ANIMALS
9. WHY IS BLOOD NEEDED BY ALL THE PARTS OF A BODY?

Humans have a Circulatory System in which blood transports various substances in the body . a. Food is transported from the intestines to the body cells. b. Oxygen is transported from the alveoli in lungs to the body cells from where the CO2 is picked up and transported to the alveoli for removal. c. Wastes are picked up from the body cells and transported in the kidney for removal. d. Blood is also responsible for transport of hormones and distribution of heat.

COMPOSITION OF BLOOD
8. WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF BLOOD?
Blood is made up of three type of cells suspended in a fluid called plasma. 1. Red Blood cells (RBC) contain a iron containing red pigment called haemoglobin. Haemoglobin binds with oxygen and transports it to all the parts of the body and ultimately to all the cells.

COMPOSITION OF BLOOD

White Blood cells1. They fight against germs that may enter our body.

COMPOSITION OF BLOOD

PlateletsThey are fragments of cells which form a dark red clot that plug the cut after an injury and thus prevent the excessive loss of blood .

BLOOD VESSELS ARTERIES, VEINS AND CAPILLARIES

Characters 1. Location Arteries Deep seated under skin Veins Are superficial Towards heart Deoxygenated except pulmonary vein which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart. Present to prevent the backflow of blood At low pressure Thin walled with a broad lumen

2. Carries blood Away from heart 3. Blood carried Oxygenated except is generally pulmonary artery which carries deoxygenated blood towards the heart 4. Valves 5. Blood flows 6. Walls are Absent At high pressure Elastic and thick with a narrow lumen

PULSE

The throbbing felt at different points of the body like temples, wrist and neck is called the pulse. It is due to the blood flowing in the arteries. CAPILLARIESArteries divide into extremely thin tubes called capillaries. From capillaries exchange of food and gases take place at they are only one cell layer thick. The capillaries join up to form veins which empty into the heart.

HEART
The heart beats continuously to act as a pump for the transport of blood. Heart works like a non-stop pump. The heart is located in the chest cavity with its lower tip slightly tilted towards the left. Heart is roughly the size of our fist. STRUCTURE OF HEART The heart has four chambers. The two upper chambers are called the atria (singular: atrium) The two lower chambers are called the ventricles. The partition between the chambers helps to avoid mixing up of blood (Oxygenated & Deoxygenated.

TAKE A PRINT OUT AND FILL IN THE BLANKS AND

STICK IT IN YOUR COPY

CIRCULATION OF BLOOD IN THE HEART

1. Oxygenated blood reaches the left auricle by the PULMONARY VEIN. Then it reaches the left ventricle. 2. AORTA takes the oxygenated blood to all parts of the body. 3. VENA CAVA (Superior and inferior) carries deoxygenated blood from the body parts to Right Auricle. Then it reaches the right ventricle. 4. PULMONARY ARTERY takes this deoxygenated blood to the lungs for purification.

DOUBLE CIRCULATION

HEARTBEAT
The rhythmic contraction followed by its relaxation of heart muscles constitute a heartbeat. The doctor feels our heartbeats with the help of an instrument called a STETHOSCOPE.

CIRCULATION IN LOWER ANIMALS

Animals such as sponges and Hydra do not posses any circulatory system. The water in which they live brings food and oxygen as it comes in and takes away wastes and CO2 as it moves out.

Hydra

Sponge

EXCRETION IN ANIMALS
When our cells perform their functions, certain waste products are released. These are toxic (poisonous) and hence need to be removed from the body. Removal of wastes produced in the cells of the living organisms is called excretion. HUMAN EXCRETORY SYSTEM 1. Kidneys (2) , ureters (2) , Unrinary badder (1) Urethra makes up the excretory system. 2. Sweat is also removed from the body to cool it down and remove excessive salts from the body. 3. Tears also remove extra salts from body. 4. If kidneys stop functioning blood needs to be artificially filtered by DIALYSIS.

EXCRETORY SYSTEM IN HUMANS

13. DRAW A DIAGRAM OF THE HUMAN EXCRETORY SYSTEM AND LABEL THE VARIOUS PARTS. Humans normally pass about 1 to 1.8 L of urine in 24 hours.

Urine has 95% water, 2.5 % urea and 2.5% other waste products

Removes the wastes from blood and forms urine

Takes urine to bladder

Stores urine till its full Removal of urine

REMOVAL OF WASTES IN OTHER ANIMALS

S, NO Organism Waste removed in the form of Ammonia Urea Uric Acid Water required for removal Excessive Moderate Minimum

1. 2. 3.

Fish Humans Birds, lizards and snakes

TRANSPORT OF SUBSTANCES IN PLANTS

TRANSPORT OF WATER AND MINERALS 1. Plants absorb water and minerals by the root hair which increase the surface area for absorption. 2. The water then reaches the Xylem vessel in the root from here it is transported upwards towards the leaves. 3. The movement of the water s always in the upwards direction. 4. Xylem cells are dead.

TRANSPORT OF SUBSTANCES IN PLANTS

TRANSPORT OF FOOD Phloem cells are Living. Food moves up and down in phloem cells in the dissolved form. The prepared food is transported from the leaves to various parts of the plant.

1. 2.

3.

TRANSPIRATION

Removal of excessive water from the stomata is known as transpiration. This is a necessary evil for the plant as 90% of water brought up by plant is evaporated in this way. This process generates a suction pull which pulls up the water against gravity to great heights and makes it available to leaves Transpiration also cools the plant.

DO THESE QUESTIONS IN YOUR BOOK

1. Match structures given in Column I with functions given in Column II. Column I Column II (i) Stomata (b) Transpiration (ii) Xylem (d) Transport of water (iii) Root hairs (a) Absorption of water (iv) Phloem (c) Transport of food (e) Synthesis of carbohydrates

DO THESE QUESTIONS IN YOUR BOOK

2. Fill in the blanks. (i) The blood from the heart is transported to all parts of the body by the ARTERIES (ii) Haemoglobin is present in RED BLOOD cells. (iii) Arteries and veins are joined by a network of CAPILLARIES. (iv) The rhythmic expansion and contraction of the heart is called HEARTBEAT. (v) The main excretory product in human beings is UREA. (vi) Sweat contains water and SALTS . (vii) Kidneys eliminate the waste materials in the liquid form called URINE (viii) Water reaches great heights in the trees because of suction pull caused by TRANSPIRATION.

DO THESE QUESTIONS IN YOUR BOOK

3. Choose the correct options: (a) In plants, water is transported through (i) Xylem (ii) Phloem (iii) Stomata (iv) Root hair (b) Water absorption through roots can be increased by keeping the plants (i) in the shade (ii) in dim light (iii) under the fan (iv) covered with a polythene bag

DO THESE QUESTIONS IN YOUR COPY

4. Why is transport of materials necessary in a plant or in an animal? Explain. Ans. Organisms need food, water and oxygen for survival. Further, animals need to transport wastes to parts from where they can be removed. Thus transport is essential for all these substances to reach various parts of an organisms body. 12. Why is it necessary to excrete waste products? Ans- If wastes accumulate in our body they can be poisonous and can harm us.

DO THESE QUESTIONS IN YOUR COPY

5. What will happen if there are no platelets in the blood? Ans- Without platelets the blood will not clot in our body and the wound will not be plugged and we may die due to excessive loss of blood from our body. 6. What are stomata? Give two functions of stomata. Ans. The are the openings present on the undersurface of leaves. They help in removal of excessive moisture from the leaves (transpiration) and air exchange during photosynthesis and respiration.

DO THESE QUESTIONS IN YOUR COPY

7. Does transpiration serve any useful function in the plants? Explain. Ans. Due to transpiration a suction pull is generated which helps in pulling up water and dissolved minerals to the leaves against the force of gravity. 10. What makes the blood look red? Ans- Haemoglobin, an iron containing red coloured pigment makes the blood red. 11. Describe the function of the heart. Ans. The heart beats continuously to act as a pump for the transport of blood, which carries other substances with it.