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2 Spatial Datatypes
Geography (Geodetic) Geometry (Planar)
Geography
Ellipsoidal coordinate support only (e.g. WGS 84) Core set of geospatial methods No OGC/ISO standards compliance (though many standards components are there) Geospatial index Designed as a simple, straight-forward geospatial implementation
Geometry
Planar coordinate support only (georeferenced and non-georeferenced) Complete set of spatial methods OGC/ISO standards compliance (OGC SFS v1.1, ISO 19125) Spatial index Comprehensive spatial/geospatial offering supporting 2D planimetric applications
POINT
MULTIPOINT
LINESTRING
MULTILINESTRING
CIRCULARSTRING
COMPOUNDCURVE
POLYGON
MULTIPOLYGON
CURVEPOLYGON
GEOMETRYCOLLEC TION
FULLGLOBE
Vector Data
Linestring segments in the geography type define the minimum distance path on the underlying ellipsoid.
Circularstring segments in the geography type define a circular path. A good example is a latitude parallel.
Circular Arcs
STIntersects() example
All constructions and relations are now done with 48 bits of precision in SQL Server 2012, compared to 27 bits used in SQL Server 2008 and 2008 R2.
For example, consider the following coordinate which was processed using the STUnion() method in SQL Server 2008
In Denali, the greater numerical precision typically maintains the precision of the original coordinates. Here is the result of the same STUnion() method in Denali, as above
On March 20, 2010, the trimaran, Groupama 3, became the fastest boat to circumnavigate the Earth non-stop, ever (including power boats) in 48 days, 7 hours and 44 minutes
DECLARE @t GEOGRAPHY = (SELECT Track FROM Groupama_Track7) SELECT TOP 16 CNTRY_NAME, SOVEREIGN, POP_CNTRY, @t.STDistance(Geography) AS [DISTANCE FROM TRACK] FROM Countries ORDER BY @t.STDistance(Geography)
CNTRY_NAME France New Zealand Chile Spain Portugal Argentina United Kingdom Cape Verde Guernsey Jersey Brazil Falkland Is. Fr. So. & Ant. Lands Ireland Australia South Africa SOVEREIGN France New Zealand Chile Spain Portugal Argentina United Kingdom Cape Verde United Kingdom United Kingdom Brazil United Kingdom France Ireland Australia South Africa POP_CNTRY 57757060 3528197 13772710 39267780 9625516 33796870 56420180 413573 62920 87848 151525400 2136 -99999 5015975 17827520 40634126 DISTANCE FROM TRACK 0 7115.41609170632 15409.5690252515 37144.5519830663 57621.7065806319 106198.966899358 158636.063519451 165226.105053976 177654.285742873 189169.527892158 205920.063533954 237487.364201179 397707.475465133 416683.669375291 418237.701906367 430605.825881581
Two new helper methods are available: sp_help_spatial_geography_histogram sp_help_spatial_geometry_histogram They can be used for investigating spatial index efficiency or analyzing spatial data in general. The histograms could be also shown on a SSMS map.
Microsofts Spatial Tools Whats New in Spatial for SQL Server 2012
Mobile Applications
Visualisation
FEATURES
Open Geospatial Consortium Simple Features for SQL compatible Supported By Major GIS Vendors
DETAILS
Geography data type for geodetic data Geometry data type for planar data Standard spatial methods Standard spatial format support (WKT, WBK, GML) Multiple spatial indexes per column Multiple spatial columns per table Create new CLR-based spatial functions with the Sink/Builder APIs SQL Azure Spatial support Support for circular (curve) spatial objects Support for full globe geography objects Optimized performance for the sphere
STIntersects, STBuffer, STLength, STArea, etc.
Standard feature in all SQL Server Editions Support for very large spatial objects (2GB) Supported in SS Reporting Services Redistributable Spatial Library