GSM Art - R2A

GSM Fundamental
GSM ARCHITECTURE
Awahid.xyz@gmail.com
GSM Fundamental CONTENT : Objective Chapter. 1 Chapter. 2 Chapter. 3 Chapter. 4 Chapter. 5 Chapter. 6 Chapter. 7 Chapter. 8 Chapter. 9 General Description GSM Services GSM Area & Identity Number Air Interface Access Method Channel Concept Frequency Reuse GSM Interfaces Radio Transmission
Chapter.10
Summary & QA
Traffic Case
GSM Fundamental
Objective : - able to describe GSM architecture - able to describe GSM Identity - able to describe GSM services - able to describe Air Interfaces - able to describe GSM Architecture - able to describe Service Area structure of GSM - able to describe Call flow in GSM - able to describe Physical & Logical Channel - able to describe numbering structure - able to describe Radio technology in GSM
GSM Fundamental
GSM Fundamental
MS Mobile Station
GSM Fundamental
GSM Fundamental
GSM Fundamental
International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI) Location Area Identity (LAI) Subscriber Authentication Key (Ki) Mobile Station International Standard Data Network (MSISDN), it is optional.
GSM
GSM Fundamental
GSM Fundamental
Authentication
Ki
MS A3
Um interface
RAND
RAND
Network
Ki
A3
SRES
SRES
=?
Accept / reject?
Ki = authentication key RAND = random number SRES = Signal Response
GSM Fundamental
GSM Fundamental
Network Nodes
GSM Fundamental
Computer
GSM Fundamental
SS Switching System
GSM Fundamental
GSM Fundamental
Mobile Service Switching Center MSC

CALL Management - call setup, Routing,Control and, Termination of a call. Management of handovers: - between two BSCs - between two MSCs Handling of supplementary services Collection of charging and accounting information Interface between the GSM network and the public voice and data networks (Gateway)
GSM Fundamental
Home Location Register HLR

Store :
Subscriber ID (IMSI and MSISDN) Current subscriber VLR (current location) Supplementary service information Subscriber status (registered/deregistered)
GSM Fundamental
Visitor Location Register VLR

Mobile Status(IMSI detached/ attached) Location Area Identity(LAI) Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity(TMSI) Mobile Station Roaming Number(MSRN)
GSM Fundamental
Authentication Center (AUC)

Generates user specific authentication parameters on request of a VLR Authentication parameters used for authentication of mobile terminals and encryption of user data on the air interface within the GSM system
GSM Fundamental
Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
Registers GSM mobile stations and user rights
Stolen or malfunctioning mobile stations can be locked
GSM Fundamental
Optional security feature
Equipment Identity Register EIR
White List Black List Grey List
IMEI under White List?

If NOT found, checked against Grey/Black List
IMEI under Black/Grey List?
Admit or bar access?

GSM Fundamental
BSS Base Station System
GSM Fundamental
Base Station Subsystem (BSS) consist of : 1. Base Station Controller (BSC) 2. Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
GSM Fundamental
Function of BSC : Radio Network management RBS Management Handling MS connection Transmission Network Management Trans coding and Adaptation Rate
GSM Fundamental
NETWORK ACHITECTURE Direct Connection
abis
BSC
A MSC
BTS
BTS
BTS BSC BSC BTS
GSM Fundamental
NETWORK ACHITECTURE Cascading
abis
BSC
ater MSC
BTS
BTS
BTS BSC BSC BTS BTS
GSM Fundamental
Function of RBS : Radio resources Signal processing Signalling Link Management Local Maintenance Supervision and testing
GSM Fundamental
GSM Fundamental
OSS Operation & Support System
GSM Fundamental
Operation and Maintenance Sub System

OSS(NMC)
OMC OMC
OMC
Region 2 Region 1
Region 3
GSM Fundamental
OMC R: OMC assigned specifically to the Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
OMC S: OMC assigned specifically to the Network Switching Subsystem (NSS)
GSM Fundamental
GSM Fundamental
Event/Alarm Management
Security Management
MMI OS
Fault Management Performance Management
DB
Configuration Management
GSM Fundamental
GSM SERVICES
GSM Fundamental
GSM SERVICES
A. Tele-services B. Bearer Services
C. Supplementary Service
GSM Fundamental
GSM SERVICES
A. Tele-services : - Speech - Short Message Services (SMS) - Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) - Voice Mail - Fax Mail - Emergency Call
GSM Fundamental
GSM SERVICES
B. Bearer Services
Various data communication services ( circuit or packet switched, synchronous or asynchronous) with various transmission rates (300 bps to 9600 bps)
GSM Fundamental
GSM SERVICES
C. Supplementary Service
- Call forwarding - Call hold - Call waiting - Multi-party service - Calling line identification services - Closed user group
GSM Fundamental
GSM (Phase1/2) services & applications

Supplementary Services Tele Services Bearer Services ISDN oriented mobile specific services &modifications Data: 0,3 - 9,6 kbit/s in GSM-PLMN: Circuit Switched (CS)
TS11/12: Speech / Emergency Call TS21-23: SMS TS51: Teletex TS61/62 Fax (Group 3)
Mobile Equipment (ME):

car phone portable car phones Handhelds
Terminal Equipment:
Fax Laptop Digital camera Barcode-reader GPS-receiverr ....
Problems:
low data rate not user friendly connection to ME
GSM Fundamental
GSM Phase2+
EFR
Enhanced Full Rate
Satellite Roaming ASCI
MultiBand / Mode
Multiple further features
Advanced Speech Call Items
Blue Tooth
CAMEL
Customized Application for Mobile network Enhanced Logic
HSCSD
High Speed Circuit Switched Data
EDGE
Enhanced Data Rates for the GSM evolution
GPRS
General Packet Radio Service
GSM solutions for demands to mobile radio:
GSM Phase 2+ Solutions
enhanced speech quality user friendly equipment world-wide connectivity / home PLMN service specific services fast transfer of large data volumes
platform for UMTS: compatibility GSM UMTS

common infrastructure
GSM Fundamental
GSM Area
GSM Fundamental
GSM Fundamental
GSM Fundamental
GSM Fundamental
GSM Fundamental
GSM Fundamental
System area
PLMN service area
MSC service area... Location area... INDONESIA Base station area...
other PLMN service area

MSC service area... Location area... Base station area...
Radio cell
Radio cell
......
......
GSM Fundamental
GSM Identity Number
GSM Fundamental
GSM Identity Numbers

Mobile Station ISDN (MSISDN) International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN) Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI) International Mobile station Equipment Identity (IMEI) Location Area Identity (LAI)Cell Global Identity (CGI)
GSM Fundamental
MSISDN
CC NDC SN
National (significant) Mobile number Mobile station international number ISDN
CC NDC SN
Country Code. For example: The CC of Indonesia is 62". National Destination Code. For example: The NDC of T-Sel are 811,812, NDC of XL are 818, 817, 819. Subscriber Number. Example: 62-811-123456
GSM Fundamental
Not more than 15 digits 3 digits 2 digits
MCC
MNC
NMSI IMSI
MSIN
MCC MNC MSIN NMSI IMSI
Mobile Country Code, It consists of 3 digits . For example: The MCC of Indonesia is 510" Mobile Network Code. It consists of 2 digits . For example: The MNC of Excelcom is 11" Mobile Subscriber Identification Number. H1H2H3 S ABCDEF For example: 666-9777001 National Mobile Subscriber Identification International Mobile Subscriber Identification For Example of IMSI : 510-11-666-9777001
GSM Fundamental
MSRN
CC NDC SN
National (significant) Mobile number Mobile station Roaming Number MSR number CC NDC SN Country Code. For example: The CC of Indonesia is 62". National Destination Code. For example: The NDC of Excelcom is 817,818, 819. Subscriber Number (Address Number). Example: 62-812-1454556
Note: In this case, SN is the address to the serving MSC

GSM Fundamental
TMSI
The TMSI is assigned only after successful subscriber authentication The VLR controls the allocation of new TMSI numbers and notifies them to the HLR TMSI is used to ensure that the identity of the mobile subscriber on Contents the air interface is kept secret The TMSI consists of 4 bytes( 8 HEX numbers) and determined by the telecom operator
GSM Fundamental
IMEI
IMEI: International Mobile Station Equipment Identification TAC FAC SNR SP
IMEI
TAC FAC SNR SP
Type approval code. It is administered by the type approval center. Final assembly code. It is administered by the manufacturer. Serial number. It is issued by the manufacturer of the MS. Not used.
GSM Fundamental
LAI
MCC
MNC
Location Area Identification
LAC
The LAI is the international code for a location area.

MCC MNC Mobile Country Code, It consists of 3 digits . For example: The MCC of Indonesia is 510" Mobile Network Code, It consists of 2 digits . For example: The MNC of Excelcom is 11" Location Area Code, It is a two bytes BCD code(hex). The value 0000 and FFFF is invalid.
LAC
For example: 510-11-0011
GSM Fundamental
CGI
CGI: Cell Global Identification
The CGI is a unique international identification for a cell The format is LAI+CI LAI: Location Area Identification CI : Cell Identity. This code uses two bytes BCD code (hex) to identify the radio cells within an LAI. For example : 510-11-0011-0001
GSM Fundamental
Um Air Interface
GSM Fundamental
GSM uses paired radio channels
890MHz
915MHz
935MHz
960MHz
124
124
GSM Fundamental
GSM system specification :
GSM 900
Total bandwidth: Bandwidth/channel: Channel availability:
25MHz 200KHz 124 ARFCN (1-124)

GSM Fundamental
DCS 1800
e.g. ARFCN = 512
Base Station Receive
Base Station Transmit
1710
1785 1805
1880MHz
Total bandwidth: Bandwidth/channel: Channel availability:
75MHz 200KHz 374 ARFCN (512-885)

GSM Fundamental
Calculation of Carrier Frequencies :
GSM900 F uplink (n) = 890 + (0.2 x n) MHz F downlink (n) = F uplink (n) + 45MHz
Where n=1 to 124
GSM1800 F uplink (n) = 1710.2 + (0.2 x (n-512)) MHz F downlink (n) = F uplink (n) + 95MHz
Where, 512 < n < 885
GSM Fundamental
Access Method
GSM Fundamental
Access Method :
FDMA, frequency division multiple access
TDMA, time division multiple access CDMA, code division multiple access
GSM Fundamental
FDMA
k1 code freq k2 k3 k4 k5 k6
Ex: 6 Freq = 6 user
time
GSM Fundamental
TDMA
k1 c f k2 k3 k4 k5 k6 k7 k8
time
GSM Fundamental
k1
k2
k3
k4
k5
k6
CDMA
t
GSM Fundamental
TDMA and FDMA Combine Method

k1 c k2 k3 k4 k5 k6
Example: GSM 1 Carrier = 8 Timeslot 6 Carrier = 6x8 = 48 Ts
GSM Fundamental
GSM Fundamental
Channel Concept
GSM Fundamental
Carrier separation is 200kHz, which provides : 124 carriers in the GSM 900 band, 374 carriers in the GSM 1800 band, and 299 in the GSM 1900 band. Each carrier is divided by eight Timeslots, The total number of channels are: 124 x 8 = 992 channels in GSM 900 374 x 8 = 2992 channels in GSM 1800 299 x 8 = 2392 channels in GSM 1900
GSM Fundamental
The channel concept
Physical channel
The logical channels
GSM Fundamental Physical channel

One time slot of a TDMA-frame on one carrier is referred to as a physical channel. It could be compared with one channel in an FDMA-system, where every user is connected to the system via one out of a number of frequencies. Consequently, there are eight physical channels per carrier in GSM, channel 0-7 (time slot 0-7).
TDMA FRAME
1
Timeslot
6 0
The information carried in one time slot is called a burst
GSM Fundamental The logical channels
GSM Fundamental
Downlink Logical Channel

FCCH Common Channel
BCCH SCH
BCCH
CCCH PCH AGCH
SDCCH
Dedicated Channel
DCCH
SACCH FACCH
TCH
TCH/F TCH/H
GSM Fundamental
Uplink Logical Channel

Common channel
RACH
CCCH
SDCCH SACCH FACCH TCH/F TCH/H
DCCH
Dedicated channel
TCH
GSM Fundamental
How to use these channel?

Power-off state
Search for frequency correction pulse Search for synchronous pulse Unscramble system information
Idle state
FCCH SCH BCCH PCH RACH AGCH SDCCH FACCH TCH FACCH
Snoop into paging message Send access pulse Allocate signaling channel
Dedicated mode
Set up the call Allocate voice channel
Conversation
Idle state
Release the call
GSM Fundamental
Bursts and Frames
GSM Fundamental
BURST
0 f TDMA frame = 4.615 ms 7 0 s 7 0 s 7
Burst (156.25bits)
577s
GSM Fundamental
Random Access burst (RACH): Used in MS initial access
Tail bit Data 41 synchronous bits 36 encrypted bits Tail bit Guard interval
8bit
3bit
68.25bit
Frequency correction burst (FCH): Used in frequency synchronization between MS and BTS
Tail bit Data Tail bit Guard interval
3bit
142bit
3bit
8.25bit
Synchronous burst (SCH): Used in timing synchronization between MS and BTS

Tail bit Data 39 encrypted bits 64 synchronous bits Data 39 encrypted bits Tail bit Guard interval
3bit
3bit 8.25bit
GSM Fundamental
Normal burst (TCH): Used to carry the information of the traffic channel and the control channel.
Tail bit
Data
57 encrypted bits
Training sequence
Data
57 encrypted bits
Tail bit
Guard interval
3bit
1 26bit 1
Frame stealing flag
3bit
8.25bit
Dummy burst (BCH): Used in transmission of filling frames by BTS at timeslots when there is no information delivered
Tail bit Tail bit 142 modulation bits Guard interval
3bit
3bit
8.25bit
GSM Fundamental
1 hyper frame=2048 super-frames=2715648TDMA frames (3 hours, 28 minutes, 53 seconds and 760 milliseconds) TCH SACCH/T FACCH
2044
2045
2046
2047 BCCH CCCH SDCCH
1 super-frame=1326TDMA frames (6.12 seconds) 0 0 1 2 1 3 47 48 24 49 25 50
1 multiframe=26TDMA frames (120ms) 0 1 24 25 0
1 multiframe=51TDMA frames (3060/13ms) 1 49 50
1TDMA frame=8 timeslots (120/26=4.615ms) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Normal burst (NB)
Synchronous burst (SB) Access burst (AB)
TB 58 information bits 26 tsequences 3 TB Constant bit 142 3 TB Information bit 39 Ext training sequence 64 3 TB Synchronous sequence 41 TB Info bit 36 3 3
1 timeslot=156.25 bit duration (15/26=0.577ms) (1 bit duration: 48/13=3.68us)
58 information bits
TB 3 TB 3 TB Information bit 39 3 GP 68.25
GP 8.25 GP 8.25 GP 8.25
TB: Tail bit GP: Guard period
GSM Fundamental
TDMA Frames 0
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
46 47 48 49 50
51 Frame Multiframes
CONTROL CHANNELS
GSM Fundamental
TDMA Frames 0
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
21 22 23 24 25
26 Frame Multiframes
TRAFFIC CHANNELS
GSM Fundamental
Structure of Logical Channel Combination Frame-Main BCCH
1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) Downlink

Group Group1 Group2 Group3, 4 (same as Group2) CX4 1619 20-39 F 4 0 S 4 1 Grpup5
Channel Frame Number
F 0
S 1
BX4 2-5
CX4 6-9
F 10
S 1 1
CX4 1215
CX4 42-45
CX4 4649
I 50
1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) Uplink

Channel R R R R R R R R R R R R R RR R R R R
Frame Number
10
11
12
13-46
47
4 8
4 9
5 0
F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; I:IDLE; R:RACH

GSM Fundamental Structure of Logical Channel Combination Frame-Main SDCCH

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) Downlink
Channel
D0 4 D0 4 0-3 D1 4 D1 4 4-7 D2 4 D2 4 8-11 D3 4 D3 4 1215 D4 4 D4 4 1619 D5 4 D5 4 2023 D6 4 D6 4 2427 D7 4 D7 4 2831 A0 4 A4 4 3235 A1 4 A5 4 3639 A2 4 A6 4 4043 A3 4 A7 4 4447
I 4 9
I 5 0
48
1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) Uplink

Channel A5 4 A1 4 A6 4 A2 4 A7 4 A3 4 I I I D0 4 D0 4 1518 D1 4 D2 4 D2 4 2326 D3 4 D3 4 2730 D4 4 D4 4 3134 D5 4 D5 4 3538 D6 4 D6 4 3942 D7 4 D7 4 4346 A0 4 A4 4 4750
D1 4
1922
0-3
4-7
8-11
12
13
14
F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; I:IDLE; R:RACH

GSM Fundamental
Structure of Logical Channel Combination Frame-TCH
1 multi-frame (26TDMA Frames)

T T 10 20
21
22
23
24
25
T:TCH; I:IDLE
GSM Fundamental
Frequency Reuse
GSM Fundamental
Why need Frequency Re-Use?

Frequency resources are very expensive. Frequency resources are very limited. However maintain the quality of service.
GSM Fundamental
Frequency Re-Use
How can we reuse frequency?
1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 k=3 1 4 3 1 1 2 4 4 3 3 1 2 2 4 1 3 2 4 3 2 k=4
Larger cluster size Longer distance between interferers Less interference BUT Reduced capacity
2 3 7 2 3 1 7 6 4 1 6 5 4 2 5 3 7 1 6 4 2 5 3 7 1 k=7 6 4 5
7 8 6 2 3 7 9 1 6 4 7 5 8 9 6 2 3 7 9 1 6 4 5 9 k=9
2 1 5 2 1 5
8 3 4 8 3 4
9 9 8 8 10 10 2 11 2 11 3 3 7 7 12 12 1 1 6 6 4 4 9 5 5 8 10 2 11 3 7 12 1 6 4 5 k=12
GSM Fundamental
Controlling Co-channel interference Carried-to-co-channel interference ratio C/I = 1.5(k2)

Where, k = Cluster size
e.g. k=3, k=4,
C/I = 1.5(3)2 = 11.3 dB C/I = 1.5(4)2 = 13.8 dB
Note: - GSM standard required C/I > 9 dB. Thats mean minimum number of reuse pattern is k=3. k , C/I , available channel per cell
GSM Fundamental
Carrier to Interference ratio (C/I)

dB Wanted signal 9dB Interfering signal/Cochannel Signal
Noise floor Frequency f1 Note: In practical C/I should be greater than 12 dB

GSM Fundamental
CELL
Omni-Directional Cells
Omni
1 1
120 degree
120 Degree Sectors
3
GSM Fundamental
How can we reuse frequency?

2
7(Site)X 1(Cell) Re-use
7 1 6 5
3 2
GSM Fundamental
4(Site)X 3(Cell) Re-use 4/12 Pattern

3 5 1 11 4 1
9
2 8
6
10
Contents
9 2 10
12
3
5 1 9 11
GSM Fundamental
36 F in 4/12 Pattern A1: 1 B1: 2 C1: 3 D1: 4 A2: 5 B2: 6 C2: 7 D2: 8 A3: 9 B3: 10 C3: 11 D3: 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
GSM Fundamental
The Cell Structure for K = 7

7
6
1 5 7 4
2 3
1 2
6
1 5 4
2 3
7 6 1 5 4 3 5 2 6
7 2 1 3 4
GSM Fundamental
GSM Interfaces
GSM Fundamental
D VLR B MSC E MSC G VLR C
HLR H AUC EIR F
TC/SM
MS Um BTS
Abis
A-Sub BSC
GSM Fundamental
GSM Protocol
MS CM MM L3 RR RR L2 LAPDm RF LAPDm RF BTSM LAPD SigL1 BTS BSC MSC CM MM
RR
BTSM LAPD SigL1
BSSMAP
BSSMAP
SCCP MTP
SCCP MTP
L1
Um interface
Abis interface
A interface
GSM Fundamental
SigL1: 2MBps Trunks

OMC
HLR AUC EIR MSC/VLR
MSC/VLR
TCSM
BSC
BTS BTS
PSTN
E1 connection
GSM Fundamental
2.048MBps (E1)Link
Typical Configuration TS 0 TS 1-15 TS16 TS 17-31
TS = Time slot
TS# 0 1-15 16 Used for
Frame Alignment /Error Checking /Signaling

Traffic CCS7 Signaling (Other TS may also the used)
17-31 Traffic
GSM Fundamental
Radio Transmission
GSM Fundamental
GSM Fundamental
GSM Fundamental
GSM Fundamental
INTERFERENCE
GSM Fundamental
Path Loss & Link Budget

Gain Antenna
Link Budget Formula : Rxb = Txa-Lta+Ga-LP+Gb-Ltb
Propagation Loss
LP= 32.4 (dB) + 20 log (fMHz) + 20 log (dkm)
Gain Antenna TX Output Power RX Sensitivity
TX Output Power RX Sensitivity
GSM Fundamental
LOG Normal Fading
GSM Fundamental
RAY LIGHT FADING
GSM Fundamental
TIME DISPERSION
GSM Fundamental
Power Control
Both Uplink and Downlink power settings can be controlled independently and individually.
8W
0.8W
5W
Saves radio battery power Reduces co-channel and adjacent channel interference
GSM Fundamental
DTX DTX: Discontinuous Transmission Shut off the transmission when no speech detected; Only transmit SID frames via SACCH The transcoder at the RX terminal produces comfortable noise based on SID background noise. Improvement on the C/I ratio. VAD: Voice Activity Detection Implemented in the transcoder.
Prolong battery life and reduce interference
Note: DTX is not used on a BCCH carrier and measurements must based no Sub value.
GSM Fundamental VAD & DTX
Based on SID frame background noise generate 500 bit/s comfort noise at the terminal If the mobile does not transmit during silence there is a reduction in the overall power output requirement
Without DTX
With DTX
Comfort Noise
GSM Fundamental Discontinuous Reception
DRX allows the mobile station to effectively switch off during times when reception is deemed unnecessary.
BCCH Multiframe PPPPPP
P = Paging Channel BCCH PP
MS Being paged
MS in listen mode
MS in listen mode
GSM Fundamental Multipath Fading
Diversity
Frequency Hopping
Time Dispersion
GSM Fundamental
Diversity
Approx. 10 wavelengths When diversity is implemented two antennas are situated at the receiver. These antennas are placed several wavelengths apart to ensure minimum correlation between the two receive paths. The two signals are then combined, this ensures that a low signal strength is less likely to occur.
Compare or add signals
Resultant Signal
GSM Fundamental
Frequency Hopping
F1 F1
Vs
F1 F1 F2 F3
Without FH
With FH
GSM Fundamental
Timing Advance (TA)

The mobile phone should send the signal in advance!!
TX RX
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 01 2 3 4 5 6 7
TA
burst delay t (e.g. PCH) burst delay t e.g (RACH) Total delay for round trip is t + t = 2t
GSM Fundamental
Traffic Case
GSM Fundamental
MS . Condition : 1. Turn Off /Detached 2. Turn On /Attached Idle Mode Active Mode
GSM Fundamental Detached Condition
GSM Fundamental REGISTRATION MS BTS BSC MSC VLR HLR Action -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ch Request Ch activation command Ch activation acknowledge Ch Assignment Loc Update Request Authentication Request Authentication Response Comparison of Aut. Assign new LA and TMSI Acknowledge LA & TMSI Write to VLR Write to HLR Ch Release
GSM Fundamental
GSM Fundamental
Mobile Originating Call (MOC)
GSM Fundamental
Mobile Terminating Call
GSM Fundamental HANDOVER Scenario
GSM Fundamental
Handover between cells: different BSCs but the same MSC/VLR
GSM Fundamental
Handover between cells controlled by different MSC/VLRs
GSM Fundamental SMS Case : Mobile Terminated Mobile Originated
GSM Fundamental
GSM Roadmap
GSM Fundamental
GSM Develop Path

3G 2.5G
2 Mbps 384 kbps IMT-2000
2G
57.6 kbps 9.6 kbps GSM HSCSD
115 kbps
GPRS
EDGE
1999
2000
2001
GSM Fundamental

GSM Art - R2A

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GSM Art - R2A

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GSM Fundamental

Ki = authentication key RAND = random number SRES = Signal Response

Mobile Service Switching Center MSC

Home Location Register HLR

Visitor Location Register VLR

Authentication Center (AUC)

Equipment Identity Register (EIR)

Registers GSM mobile stations and user rights

Stolen or malfunctioning mobile stations can be locked

Optional security feature

Equipment Identity Register EIR

White List Black List Grey List

IMEI under White List?

IMEI under Black/Grey List?

Admit or bar access?

BSS Base Station System

NETWORK ACHITECTURE Direct Connection

BTS BSC BSC BTS

NETWORK ACHITECTURE Cascading

BTS BSC BSC BTS BTS

OSS Operation & Support System

Operation and Maintenance Sub System

OMC R: OMC assigned specifically to the Base Station Subsystem (BSS)

OMC S: OMC assigned specifically to the Network Switching Subsystem (NSS)

A. Tele-services B. Bearer Services

GSM (Phase1/2) services & applications

Mobile Equipment (ME):

Satellite Roaming ASCI

Multiple further features

Advanced Speech Call Items

GSM solutions for demands to mobile radio:

GSM Phase 2+ Solutions

platform for UMTS: compatibility GSM UMTS

other PLMN service area

GSM Identity Number

GSM Identity Numbers

Not more than 15 digits 3 digits 2 digits

MCC MNC MSIN NMSI IMSI

Note: In this case, SN is the address to the serving MSC

TAC FAC SNR SP

The LAI is the international code for a location area.

For example: 510-11-0011

GSM uses paired radio channels

GSM system specification :

Total bandwidth: Bandwidth/channel: Channel availability:

25MHz 200KHz 124 ARFCN (1-124)

Base Station Receive

Base Station Transmit

Total bandwidth: Bandwidth/channel: Channel availability:

75MHz 200KHz 374 ARFCN (512-885)

Calculation of Carrier Frequencies :

Ex: 6 Freq = 6 user

TDMA and FDMA Combine Method

Example: GSM 1 Carrier = 8 Timeslot 6 Carrier = 6x8 = 48 Ts

The channel concept

The logical channels

GSM Fundamental Physical channel

The information carried in one time slot is called a burst

GSM Fundamental The logical channels

Downlink Logical Channel

Uplink Logical Channel

SDCCH SACCH FACCH TCH/F TCH/H