ATM

Asynchronous Transfer Mode

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Vipin bhosale Prn no:11044

An Overview of ATM

Connection-oriented packet-switched network Used in both WAN and LAN settings Signaling (connection setup) Protocol:

Q.2931 5-byte header + 48-byte payload other physical layers possible

Packets are called cells (53 bytes)

Commonly transmitted over SONET

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Connections can be switched (SVC), or

ATM OVERVIEW

ATM operates on a best effort basis. ATM guarantees that cells will not be disordered. Two types of connections:

Point-to-point Multipoint (Multicast) CBR (Constant Bit Rate) VBR (Variable Bit Rate) ABR (Available Bit Rate) Flow Control, Ratebased, Credit- based UBR (Unspecific Bit Rate) No Flow control.

Four Types of Services:

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Aggregate Bandwidth vs. Shared Medium (FDDI,

ATM Connections

two levels of ATM connections: virtual path connections virtual channel connections

indicated by two fields in the cell header: virtual path identifier

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VPI
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virtual channel identifier VCI

ATM Virtual Connections

Virtual Paths Physical Link

Virtual Channels

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Cell format

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Voice
A/D AAL cells

s1 , s2
Digital voice samples

Video
A/D

picture frames

Compressio n

AAL compressed frames

cells

Data
Bursty variablelength packets

AAL

cells

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Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

Voic e Data packet s Image s

MUX
Wasted bandwidth

TDM 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 4 4 2 3 3 1 2 1 1 3 4 2

ATM

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ATM Protocol Architecture

Managem ent plane Control User plane Higher plane Higher
Layers Layers

Plane management Layer management

ATM Adaptation Virtual Channel ATM FunctionsPath Layer Virtual Layer Functions Physical Layer (PMD)
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ATM Layer Service

Transparent transfer of 48-octet data unit Deliver data in sequence on a connection Two levels of multiplexing Three types of connections

Point-to-point Point-to-Multipoint Multipoint-to-Multipoint

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is best-effort (C) All rights reserved

1010

ATM Layer Functions

Cell multiplexing and switching Cell rate decoupling Cell discrimination based on pre-defined VPI/VCI Quality of Service (QoS) Payload type characterization Generic flow control Loss priority indication and Selective cell discarding Traffic shaping
(C) All rights reserved 1111

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Revised ATM Service Categories

Class CBR RT-VBR Description Constant Bit Rate Example T1 circuit

Real Time Variable Bit Rate Real-time videoconferencing Multimedia email Browsing the Web Background file transfer

NRT-VBR Non-real-time Variable Bit Rate ABR UBR Available Bit Rate Unspecified Bit Rate

Networks: ATM

Pure ATM LAN

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Mixed architecture ATM LAN

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ATM Adaptation Layers (AAL)

In order to carry data units longer than 48 octets in ATM cells, an adaptation layer is needed. The ATM adaptation layer (AAL) provides for segmentation and reassembly of higher-layer data units and for detection of errors in transmission. Since the ATM layer simply carries cells without concern for their contents, a number of different AALs can be used across a single ATM interface. The AAL maps the user, control, or management protocol data units into the information field of the ATM cell and vice versa. To reflect the spectrum of applications, four service classes have been defined by CCITT.
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AAL Service Classification

it Emulati on

Class A Class B Class C Class D Connect Packeti Circu

zed voice/vi deo Orient ion Dat ed a

Attribu te
Timing between source and

Datagr am

Signalli ng

AAL1

AAL2 SAAL

AAL AAL 4 3 AAL 5 Not

(Q.93 B)

Required required

Bit Rate Constant destinati on Variable

Connecti on Mode Connection oriented Connectionless

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AAL1

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AAL2

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AAL3/4

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AAL5

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