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Corrosion I Objectives
1. Identify oxidation-reduction reaction pairs present in corrosion situation.
Corrosion
Example:
Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2
Chlorine only peripherally involved
Zn + 2H+ Zn 2+ + H2
Example
2 Reactions Oxidation: (Anodic RXN)
Zn Zn2+ + 2e-
Example
2 Reactions Oxidation: (Anodic RXN) Reduction: (Cathodic RXN) Zn Zn2+ + 2e-
2H+ + 2e- H2
Example
Oxidation:
All corrosion falls into Ox-Red pair groups Oxidation RXN (Free Electron):
Note:
Reactions can be controlled from either side (OX/ RED). Example: Add oxygen gas to an acid Oxygen reduction is available to consume electrons.
Note:
Reactions can be controlled from either side (OX/ RED). Example: Add oxygen gas to an acid Oxygen reduction is available to consume electrons. Higher Rate of Oxidation
Note:
Reactions can be controlled from either side (OX/ RED). Example: Add oxygen gas to an acid Oxygen reduction is available to consume electrons. Higher Rate of Oxidation Acids with oxygen are worse than acids without.
Activation
Four steps in reduction process: 1. 2. 3. 4. Adsorption Conduction of eDiffusion H2 Evolution
Concentration
Diffusion of reducing species controls rate
Passive Behavior
Some metals cease to be reactive under the right conditions 1. Active Behavior
2. Passive Behavior
3. Transpassive
Types
1. Uniform Attack -Measured in mpy (mils per year) -Easy to manage
Types
2. Galvanic Coupling
-Dissimilar metals or environments create electrical potential -Will have anode and cathode
Terminology
Anode Oxidized Active Cathode Reduced Passive
Types
3. Localized Corrosion a. SCC (Stress Corrosion Cracking)
Types
3. Localized Corrosion a. SCC (Stress Corrosion Cracking) b. ESC (Environmental Stress Cracking)
Types
3. Localized Corrosion a. SCC (Stress Corrosion Cracking) b. ESC (Environmental Stress Cracking) c. Inter-granular Attack - Fe at grain boundaries in Al -Cr23C6 in Stainless -Hydrogen Embrittlement
Types
3. Localized Corrosion a. SCC (Stress Corrosion Cracking) b. ESC (Environmental Stress Cracking) c. Inter-granular Attack - Fe at grain boundaries in Al -Cr23C6 in Stainless -Hydrogen Embrittlement d. Pitting
Types
3. Localized Corrosion e. Crevice Corrosion - Filiform if under coatings
Types
3. Localized Corrosion e. Crevice Corrosion - Filiform if under coatings f. Corrosion Fatigue
Galvanic Example
Zn Anode Oxidized Active
Cathode Reduced Passive
Pt
EMF Values
1. (+) Potential means rxn will proceed as written. (-) Potential means opposite rxn occurs.