POORNIMA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, JAIPUR

SEMINAR ON
Submitted To :Mr. K.R.Prajapat Ms.Rachna Gera Assistant Professor(ECE)
3/28/2012

Submitted By :Vishnu Dev (PIET/EC/08/92)

Introduction

LEP
Construction and working Ink jet printer Active Matrix and passive Matrix

Basic principle and technology

Light emission Applications Future application Advantages and Disadvantages Conclusion
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Introduction
After watching the breakfast news on TV, you roll up the set like a large handkerchief, and stuff it into your briefcase. Somewhere in the Kargil sector, a platoon commander of the Indian Army readies for the regular satellite updates that will give him the latest terrain pictures of the border in his sector. All these are possible using

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LIGHT EMITTING POLYMER

Schematic of a 2-layer LEP: 1. Cathode (), 2. Emissive Layer, 3. Emission of radiation, 4. Conductive Layer, 5. Anode (+)

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A voltage is applied across the LEP such that the anode is positive with respect to the cathode. This causes a current of electrons to flow through the device from cathode to anode. Electrostatic forces bring the electrons and the holes towards each other and they recombine liberating light. In organic semiconductors holes are more mobile than electrons. The recombination causes a drop in the energy levels of electrons, accompanied by an emission of radiation.
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CONSTRUCTION
Anode-Indium Tin Oxide

Cathode- Aluminum
Polymer- poly

phenylene vinylene

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Light-emitting devices consist of emitting layers sandwiched between a cathode and an anode. Single-layer devices typically work only under a forward DC bias. In order to manufacture the polymer, a SPINCOATING MACHINE is used. The robot pours the plastic over the rotating plate, which, evenly spreads the polymer on the plate. This results in an extremely fine layer of the thickness of 100 nanometers. Once the polymer is evenly spread, it is baked in an oven to evaporate any remnant liquid
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INK JET PRINTING

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Use of inkjet printing for PLED displays This technique is now at the forefront of developments in digital electronic materials deposition. Red, green and blue polymer solutions are jetted into well defined areas with an angle of flight deviation of less than 5.

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Types of OLEDs
Passive OLEDs The organic layer is between strips of cathode and anode that run perpendicular The intersections form the pixels Easy to make Use more power Best for small screens Active OLEDs Full layers of cathode and anode Anode over lays a thin film transistor (TFT) Requires less power Higher refresh rates Suitable for large screens

BASIC PRINCIPLE AND TECHNOLOGY

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The properties of the spherical s orbital and bimodal p orbitals combine into four equal , unsymmetrical , tetrahedral oriented hybridized sp3 orbitals. This is known as a sigma bond A conjugated pi bond refers to a carbon chain or ring whose bonds alternate between single and double (or triple) bonds. The bonding system tends to form stronger bonds than might be first indicated by a structure with single bonds

Electron and hole mobility occurs as a hopping mechanism which is significant to the practical development of organic emitting devices.
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LIGHT EMISSION
Electroluminescence :
The energy is released when an electron from the

conduction band falls into a hole in the valence band. The electronic device that accomplishes this electronhole interaction is that of a diode, which consists of an n-type material (electron rich) interfaced with p-type material (hole rich). The mobility of electrons and holes are limited to the linear or branched directions of the molecule. The efficiency of electron/hole transport between polymer molecules is also unique to polymers.
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 Electron and hole mobility occurs as a hopping

mechanism which is significant to the practical development of organic emitting devices.

PPV has a fully conjugated backbone as a consequence the HIGHEST OCCUPIED MOLECULAR ORBIT (HOMO)of the macromolecule stretches

across the entire chain, this kind of situation is ideal for the transport of charge; in simple terms, electrons can simply "hop" from one orbital to the next since they are all linked.
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APPLICATIONS
PHOTOVOLTAICS

PLED technology can be used in reverse, to convert light into electricity. Devices which convert light into electricity are called photovoltaic (PV) devices, and are at the heart of solar cells and light detectors.

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POLY LED TV
LEPs TVs are really thin - the Sony XEL-1 for

example is just 3mm thick. The new prototypes by Sony are merely 0.3mm thick!

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TRANSPARENT OLEDS
While there seem to be zero to few readily

available uses of transparent OLEDs (TOLEDs) in the consumer market today, the technology exists for wide spread use in the future.

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FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS

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NEWS AND INFORMATION

Imagine a day when you are

reading a newspaper that is capable of showing pictures and video, is continuously updating itself with the latest news via Wi-Fi connection, and is also so thin and flexible that you can roll it up and put it in your backpack or briefcase. That day may someday be a reality thanks to OLED technology
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OLEDs as a Light Source

ADVANCEMENTS IN THE HOME

One of the many possibilities

is to replace regular walls or windows with similar sized OLED installations which will lead to user-definable window spaces". These walls will use transparent OLEDs that will make it possible to have certain areas opaque while other areas clear, depending on what the homeowner would like. Additionally, the wall can be any color or design that you want.

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Future Uses for OLED

Lighting Flexible / bendable lighting Wallpaper lighting defining new ways to light a space Transparent lighting doubles as a window Cell Phones Nokia 888

OLED PASSPORT
Samsung SDI from Germany have designed the OLED passport which is claimed to be completely manipulation-proof. The OLED display will be able to display both video and text containing information about the passport holder.

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Advantages of OLEDs

Much faster response time Consume significantly less energy Able to display "True Black" picture Wider viewing angles Thinner display Better contrast ratio Safer for the environment Has potential to be mass produced inexpensively OLEDs refresh almost 1,000 times faster then LCDs

OLED Displays Vs. LCD and Plasma

OLED Lighting Vs. Incandescent and Fluorescent

Cheaper way to create flexible lighting Requires less power Better quality of light.+ New design concepts for interior lighting

Require only 3.3 volts and have lifetime of more than 30,000
hours. Self luminous. Self luminous. OLED TVs are really thin - the Sony XEL-1 for example is just 3mm thick. The new prototypes by Sony are merely 0.3mm thick!
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 DISADVANTAGES

Because they are made out of organic compounds, some

have a tendency to die out before others. Reds and blues die first, leaving a very green display. Red and green typically last between 10,000 and 40,000 hours, while blue compounds begin to die at around 1,000 hours. Additionally, the brightness to which your display is set has a tremendous effect on longevity.
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Engineering and Production

As in any new technology cost is usually a barrier

to mainstream production. Water is also a problem in which engineers need to solve before LEPs can be mass marketed. Because the organic compounds are water soluble it is necessary to create a sealant that will keep out all moisture but still keep the capabilities that make LEPs so advantageous.
When these two hurdles can be overcome OLEDs will

become a very viable display alternative to LCD, Plasma, and projection devices.
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Conclusion
Organic electronics are already entering commercial world. Multicolor automobile stereo displays are now available from Pioneer Corp., of Tokyo. Royal Philips Electronics, Amsterdam is gearing up to produce PLED backlights to be used in LCDs and organic ICs. The first products using organic displays are already in the market. And while it is always difficult to predict when and what future products will be introduced The portable and light weight organic displays will soon cover our walls replacing the bulky and power hungry cathode ray tubes.

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ANY QUERIES??