A Seminar Presentation on Digital Signal Processor based V/f Control of Speed of Induction Motor

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Contents
Induction Motor Various Speed Control Techniques for Induction Motors DSP based Speed Control Conclusion References

Induction Motor
3-Phase AC machine. Widely used in industries.

Speed of an Induction Motor

Ns= 120f/p

Where Ns = the synchronous speed of the stator magnetic field in RPM P = the number of poles on the stator f = the supply frequency in Hertz. And % Slip = (Ns Nr) x 100/Ns

where: Ns = the synchronous speed in RPM Nr = the rotor speed in RPM

Torque Equation
T-Tl =J (dwm/dt) + wm(dJ/dt) T = the instantaneous value of the developed motor torque (N-m or lb-inch) Tl = the instantaneous value of the load torque (N-m or lb-inch) m = the instantaneous angular velocity of the motor shaft (rad/sec) J = the moment of inertia of the motor load system (kg-m2 or lb-inch2

Torque-Speed Characteristic

Various Speed Controls for Induction Motor

1. Stator Voltage Control 2. Stator Frequency Control 3. Stator Voltage and Frequency Control 4. Rotor-Resistance Control 5. Pole Changing Control

Stator Voltage Control

Torque is proportional to the square of the stator voltage.

Stator frequency Control

Max torque

Stator Voltage and Frequency Control

V/f Constant

Rotor Resistance Control

Max. torque is independent of rotor resistance but slip at max. torque is dependent on the rotor resistance. The slip at which the max. torque occurs increases with increase in rotor resistance.

Pole Changing Control

Ns = fs/p (in rev./s) Where p= no. of pole pairs

Pole arrangement

Pole Changing: Various connections

Induction Motor has special stator winding capable of being externally connected to form two different number of pole numbers.

DSP Based V/f Speed Control of Induction Motor

Shortcomings in speed control in hydraulics. With the evolution of power semiconductor devices and power electronic converters, IM is well established in the controlled-speed area. High performance DSP provides complicated control algorithms, such as flux vector control available, therefore IM can be applied to accurate motor speed control.

Why DSP?
It has capability to perform the associate signal computation easily and quickly such that the voltage frequency (V/Hz) control can be realized. High performance. Problem of Need of complex signal processing can be overcome using DSP.

Motor Model Equivalent Circuit for the Stator

Where, V1 = Stator Terminal Voltage I1 = Stator Current R1 = Stator Effective Resistance X1 = Stator Leakage Reactance Z1 = Stator Impedance (R1 +jX1) IX = Exciting Current (this is comprised of the core loss component Ig, and a magnetizing current Ib) E2 = Counter EMF (generated by the air gap flux) The counter EMF (E2) is equal to the stator terminal voltage less the voltage drop caused by the stator leakage impedance. E2 = V1 - I1X1 E2 = V1 - I1 (R1 + jX1 )

Equivalent Circuit for the Motor

Where I2 = Rotor Current R2 = Rotor Resistance X2 = Rotor Reactance Z2 = Rotor Impedance X x = Air Gap Impedance

Intelligent Power Module

IGBT Based Connection diagram

3 diode bridge rectifier with capacitor gives rectified DC voltage to IGBT based IPM. Consist of six switching devices, six anti-parallel diodes and a switching device for braking.

DSP PWM Testing Unit

This unit has various features which enables the user to verify programs based on Micro-2_07 trainer. The program for fixed PWM, which can be executed in the Micro-2_07 DSP trainer and its output waveforms with load can be observed using this testing Unit.

Results
Open Loop V/F Control of Induction Motor

Closed Loop V/F Control of Induction Motor (No-Load)

Conclusion
The high processing speed of the TMS320 family allows sophisticated control techniques to be used to build a high-precision control system. It gives analog like performance and minimized delay time. It reduces overall cost and improves reliability.

References
A.M. Trzynadlowski, _DSP controllers-An emerging tool for electric motor drives,_ IEEE Ind. Electron. Soc. Newslett,pp.II13,Sept.2006. P. Pillay, Senior Member, IEEE, and V. Levin , Mathematical Models for Induction Machine, New Orleans, LA,1__5, pp. 606-616. Book on Electrical Machines by D.P. Kothari and I.J. Nagrath. Bin Huo and Andrze_ M. Trzynadlowski., Random Pulse Width PWM Modulator for Inverter-fed Induction Motor Based on the TMS320F2_0 DSP Controller, IEEE transaction on Industrial Electronics,Vol.-1.May-2006. Paper on Stator Voltage Control of Induction Motor by Suresh Kumar.K.S Asst.Professor, Dept. of Elect. Engg. R.E.C Calicut. Book on Power Electronics by Dr. P.S. Bimbhra.