Topic: Reading

Subtopic : Transferring Linear to Non linear

READING
Objective : To enable students to transfer information from a linear passage to Non
Linear COMPREHENSIO
N
135 MARKS

MUET
800/3
HELLO..

LINEAR TO INFORMATIO
N
TRANSFER

NON LINEAR
WHA
T
IS T
HAT
?
W ?
HO
HAD ENOUGH QUESTIONS?
Let’s find out!
INFORMATION TRANSFER
 Topic: Reading
Subtopic : Transferring Linear to Non linear
Objective : To enable students to transfer information from a linear passage to Non
Linear
Transferring Information
Now
Now to
to successfully
successfully From Linear to Non-Linear
transfer
transfer linear
linear information
information
to
to non-linear you need
non-linear you need to
to
bear in mind that there
bear in mind that there areare
two
two types
types ofof organizations
organizations
in a passage
in a passage 4 steps to determine relevant information
Level of Determine topic of the paragraph
Exam
Generality Determine sub topics ple

Practice Determine the supporting details

The last piece of information is the most
specific
Exam
2 steps to determine relevant information
ple
Sequence of Determine the topic of the paragraph
Practice
Actions Identify the sequence words

INFORMATION TRANSFER
 Topic: Reading
Subtopic : Transferring Linear to Non linear
Objective : To enable students to transfer information from a linear passage to Non
Linear

Question 1-4 is based on the following passage.

A recent study done on air quality shows that vehicles, which emit carbon monoxide
suspended particulate matter and MAIN IDEAparticulate lead, are the main cause of
airborne
air pollution in Kuala Lumpur. Suspended particulate matter can reach levels of
over 200 ug SUBper cubic
TOPIC 1 metre. To counter this, an air pollution control expert has
SUB TOPIC 2
suggested that people use diesel fuelled vehicles as petrol driven vehicles emit more
poisonous pollutants like carbon monoxide SUB and
TOPIChydrocarbon.
3 Electric cars, which
are totally pollutant-free, could also be used for movement in the city. A more
feasible and long-term solution would be to relocate people outside Kuala Lumpur,
thus reducing the number of vehicles traveling 1. to A.
Kuala Lumpur,
Air quality andLumpur
in Kuala the resultant
traffic congestion and pollution B. Combating air pollution in Kuala Lumpur
STEP C. Types [MUET
of toxin in polluted
800/3 Octair2003}
1 D. Traffic congestion in Kuala Lumpur

1._______________ 2. A. Diesel-fuelled vehicles

B. Electric cars
C. Suspended particulate
D. Airborne particulate lead

3. A. Emit a large amount of pollutants

Relocating people
2. ____________ Electric cars B. Emit lesser pollutants
outside Kuala Lumpur
C. Emit no pollutants at all
EP D. Emit more poisonous pollutants

4.A. Reduce traffic congestion and pollution

B. Reduce traffic congestion and vehicles
Emit less poisonous C. Reduce traffic congestion and people
3. ______________ 4._______________
pollutants D. Reduce vehicles in Kuala Lumpur
STEP
3
INFORMATION TRANSFER
Topic: Reading
Subtopic : Transferring Linear to Non linear
Objective : To enable students to transfer information from a linear passage to Non
Practice: INFORMATION ORGANISED
Linear

ACCORDING TO LEVEL OF GENERALITY

Factors
Now that you Underlying
have seen the Male-Female
Differences
Fundamentally, steps usedthe
underlying in
differences between males level ofand
females are two biological factors.
generality
There is a group of genes in the body
passage,
which controls immunity. try
Because
women have twice the this out! of
number 1. _________
Genes
these genes as men, they are less
prone to infections and diseases. In
fact, at any given age, more men
than women die from sickness. Male
hormones called androgens and
female hormones called oestrogens
contribute to the differences in Physical
physical and behavioral 2. ________ Characteristics
3. __________
characteristics between the two
sexes. Men are generally taller and
better endowed with muscles. They
are, therefore, heavier. They also
have more body and facial hair. 4.. ____________
Androgens, make men more Women are less Men have more  Men are more
aggressive and active. However, prone to infections body & facial  active and
these characteristics are often hair
modified by socio-cultural factors like & diseases aggressive
diet and social conditioning.

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the key
 Topic: Reading
Subtopic : Transferring Linear to Non linear

DIAGRAM: LEVEL OF
Objective : To enable students to transfer information from a linear passage to Non
Linear

GENERALITY contains the topic

contains the topic
which has the
Factors Underlying which has
broadest the
information ––
Male-Female broadest information
Differences Step 1 two biological
two biological
which underlie
factors
factors
male-
which underlie
female differences male-
female differences

contains two specific

contains
factors two specific
underlying male-
Genes
Hormones
Step 2 female differences –male-
factors underlying a
female
group of differences
genes, male– a
group
and of genes,
female male
hormones
and female hormones

Physical specifies the three areas

Health Behaviour ofspecifies the –three
differences areas
health
Characteristics of differences – health
( a subheading you have
to( a subheading
provide you have
yourself),
to provide
physical and yourself),
physical and
Step 3 behavioural
behavioural
characteristics
characteristics
Men are taller & ,more muscular
and heavier
Women are less prone  Men are more active and
Men have more body & facial
to infections & diseases aggressive
hair
Step 4
the
themost specific,
listingmost
out specific,
the
listing
particular out the of
details INFORMATION TRANSFER
particular
these three details
area of
ofof
these three
differences area
differences
 Topic: Reading
Subtopic : Transferring Linear to Non linear
Objective : To enable students to transfer information from a linear passage to Non
Linear
Information Organized According to Sequence
of Actions
Caffeine is a stimulant in coffee.
TOPIC
Some coffee drinkers would rather do
without this naturally-occurring MAKING DECAFFEINATED
chemical stimulant. Caffeine can be COFFEE
removed from coffee beans in a
variety of ways. In one method, the
coffee beans are first steamed until
they are soft. The steaming process
also causes the caffeine to rise to the Steam coffee beans until
surface of the beans. Then, for the they are soft
next ten hours, the SEQUENCE
beans are rinsed
in methylene chlorideWORD
which removes
the caffeine. Finally, the beans are
washed and dried.
Rinse the beans in
methylene chloride
for ten hours
SEQUENCE
WORD

SEQUENCE Wash and dry the beans

WORD

INFORMATION TRANSFER
 EXERCISE A: LEVEL
OF GENERALITY
Read the paragraph below. Complete the chart by writing down the details that
correspond to the specified levels

There is enough food in the world, including countries in the Third World. Why then are
millions of people in Third World countries afflicted by malnutrition and starvation? The main
reason is that of poverty, a state that denies them the opportunity to buy food that is in
abundance. Secondly, the low level of economic development means that they also do not
have the resources to grow their own food for lack of seeds, fertilizers and agricultural
implements like basic farm machinery. In addition, a chronic shortage of facilities like
irrigation systems and proper food storage means that the frequent floods and droughts bring
great suffering to the people.

INFORMATION TRANSFER
 Chart: Exercise
A
Reasons for Malnutrition
& Starvation
in Third World Countries

Poverty

Frequent floods &

droughts

INFORMATION TRANSFER
 Exercise A:
Answers
Reasons for Malnutrition
& Starvation
in Third World Countries

Low level of economic Chronic shortage

Poverty
development of facilities

Cannot afford to buy No resources to Frequent floods &

food grow food droughts

INFORMATION TRANSFER
 Practice: Sequence
of Actions
• Complete the diagram using the information from the REASONS FOR THE
following passage
INCREASING
NUMBER
In a traditional family, the husband is the sole breadwinner OF
while the wife stays home to look after the children. DUAL-CAREER
Increasingly, however, both husband and wife are in the COUPLES
workforce. There are three main reasons for the increasing
number of dual-career couples, as they are called by
sociologists. The most obvious reason is economic need,
especially for childcare and education. Secondly, the
declining birth rate has meant that women are less burdened
Changing status of
with childbearing and rearing. Finally, the increase in the
Economic need 1. ______________ women
number of women with higher education, and the awareness
raised by the feminist movement have brought about a
change in the status of women

Women less
2. _______________ Higher education
burdened with child
• education 3. _______________
Bearing and rearing

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INFORMATION TRANSFER
 Exercise B:
Answer
• Complete the diagram using the information from the REASONS FOR THE
following passage
INCREASING
NUMBER
In a traditional family, the husband is the sole OF
breadwinner while the wife stays home to look after the DUAL-CAREER
children. Increasingly, however, both husband and COUPLES
wife are in the workforce. There are three main
reasons for the increasing number of dual-career
couples, as they are called by sociologists. The most
obvious reason is economic need, especially for
childcare and education. Secondly, the declining birth
rate has meant that women are less burdened
with childbearing and rearing. Finally, the increase in Changing status of
the number of women with higher education, and the Economic need 1. Falling birthrate women
awareness raised by the feminist movement have
brought about a change in the status of women

Women less
2. Childcare Higher education
burdened with child
• education 3. Greater awareness
Bearing and rearing

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