Prof.

Kavitha Ranganathan

Some Emerging Technologies you might have encountered .

Clouds, Cloud Computing Grid Computing, Utility Computing SaaS Software as a Service P2P : Peer-to-Peer Networks Web 2.0, Web 3.0, Semantic Web The Internet of Things

HYPE CYCLE

What has been said of Cloud Computing .

Something that will "Profoundly change the way

people work and companies operate." (The Economist)

"Industry-speak for just about anything tangentially

related to the Internet".

Weve redefined cloud computing to include

everything that we already do. I cant think of anything that isnt cloud computing with all of these announcements. (Larry Ellison, Oracle)

What is Cloud Computing?

Multiple Choice: Cloud Computing is a) A way to access applications hosted on the web through your web browser (Software as a Service -- SaaS) b) A pay-as-you-go model for IT resources accessed over the Internet (Platform as a Service PaaS) c) Use of commodity computers, distributed throughout an internet, to perform parallel processing, distributed storage, indexing and mining of data d) Gartner: Cloud computing is a style of computing where massively scalable IT-related capabilities are provided as a service across the Internet to multiple external customers e) An IT buzzword that assures potential clients that your product is on the cutting edge of technology f) All of the above
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Different Avatars of Cloud Services

Google Search Social Networking Sites, Web Photo Albums Google Apps CRM Apps by Salesforce.com Azure by Microsoft Google App. Engine

Software As A Service (SaaS)

Platform As a Service (PaaS)

Infrastructure As A Service (IaaS)

Blue Cloud Data Center IBM Akamai Amazon EC2, S3

Cloud Related Service Offerings

Cloud Market Types Types of Offerings Rich Internet application web sites Application as Web Sites Collaboration and email Office Productivity Client apps that connect to services in the cloud APIs for specific service access for integration Web-based software service than can combine to create new services, as in a mashup Examples Flikr Myspace.com Cisco WebEx office Gmail IBM Bluehouse Amazon Flexible Payments Service and DevPay Salesforce.coms AppExchange Yahoo! Maps API Google Calendar API zembly

Software-as-aService

Level of Abstraction

App-components -as-a-Service

Softwareplatform-as-aService

Development-platform-as-a-service Database Message Queue App Servicer Blob or object data stores
Virtual servers Logical disks VLAN networks Systems Management

Google App Engine and BigTable Microsoft SQL Server Data Services Engine Yard Salesforce.coms Force.com
Akamai Amazon EC2 CohesiveFT Mosso (from Rackspace) Joyent Accelerators Nirvanix Storage Delivery Network GoDaddy.com Rackspace Savvis

Virtual Infrastructure-asa-Service

Physical Infrastructure

Managed Hosting Collocation Internet Service Provider Unmanaged hosting

Adapted from Forrester Research Taxonomy

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Commercial Cloud Formation

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Cloud Deployment Models

Internal (private) cloud. The cloud infrastructure is operated within

the consumers organization. Community cloud. The cloud infrastructure is jointly owned by several organizations and supports a specific community that has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations). Public cloud. The cloud infrastructure is owned by an organization selling cloud services to the general public or to a large industry group. Hybrid cloud. The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more clouds (internal, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability.
NIST working definitions

Cloud Hardware Advantages

Illusion of infinite computing resources available on demand no need to plan far ahead for provisioning 2. Elimination of up-front commitment -- allows companies to start small and expand as needed 3. Ability to pay for use of computing resources on short-term basis as needed (e.g., processors by the hour and storage by the day)
1.

Elasticity
Add or remove resources at fine grain(one server at a

time with EC2) Can be added or removed within minutes Closer matching of resources to workload Real world server utilization in data centers 5 20 %
Peak exceeds average by 2-10%

Over and Under Provisioning

Real World Examples

Animoto debut on Facebook
experienced a demand surge that resulted in growing from 50

servers to 3500 servers in three days later traffic fell to a level well below peak

Target.com (uses AWS ) on Black Friday(No v. 28)

Other retailers had severe performance problems and

intermittent unavailability Targets and Amazons sites were just slower by about 50%.

Key Considerations for Adoption

Demand Patterns constant or varying ? Frequency of Usage High Customization needed ? Stage of Company Start-up or established ? Is Application Mission Critical ? Stringent Compliance Needs ? Preferred Technology and Dev Platform ? Vendor Lock in Possible Integration Requirements of Saas based applications Privacy requirements Performance Needs ?

Case Study Email

On-premise email All email services (mailboxes, filtering, etc.) run on companyowned servers. Hosted email All email services are delivered by a hosted mailbox service provider. Hosted ancillary services (hybrid) Some ancillary services like filtering or archiving are delivered by a cloud-based provider. Split-domain email (hybrid) Some employees use the on-premise email and some use a hosted mailbox service.

Architecture

Description

Benefits

Challenges

On-premise email

All email services (mailboxes, filtering, etc.) run on company-owned servers. All email services are delivered by a hosted mailbox service provider.

Traditional, hence comfortable Easier integration with other applications and resources Pay-as-you-go financing model Always-current software and protection Operated by someone else Offload maintenance of specialty services Often less expensive Keeps core email onpremise Move occasional users or new users to a hosted service Easier to provision new users or acquired companies

Expensive to maintain Consumes IT staff time and resources

Hosted email

Integration with directory and business applications Exposure to business failure by service provider Culture shift to trust provider Potential of conflict in implementing archiving and eDiscovery processes Integration with directory and other business applications Different experiences for workers using onpremise and hosted email

Hosted ancillary services (hybrid) Split-domain email (hybrid)

Some ancillary services like filtering or archiving are delivered by a cloudbased provider.

Some employees use the on-premise email and some use a hosted mailbox service.

Advantages of Cloud Based e-Mail

Rapidly provision new users
Allocate valuable IT professionals to more business-

centric projects
Always run the latest software and configurations

without upgrade hassles

Shift the financial burden from Cap-Ex to ongoing

Op-Ex

Segment Employees Based On Their Email Needs

Mobile executives

Information workers 70% 1 gigabyte Yes Yes No

Occasional users 20% 250 megabytes No Yes No

Percentage of workforce (example)

Mailbox size Need email client software? Archive mailbox? Need mobile email?

10% 2 gigabytes Yes Yes Yes

On-Premise Email Includes Hardware, Staffing, And Financing Costs

Category
Hardware Server software Client software Storage Message filtering Message archiving Mobile messaging Staffing

Cost factors
Servers, operating system, data center costs, power Mail server software, client licenses, maintenance Client-installed software, maintenance Storage, redundancy, power Installed filtering hardware or filtering service Archiving monthly costs Mail delivery and administration Administration for hardware, software, storage, and mobile

Financing

Cost of financing servers, storage, and software

Cost per user per month Subscription

On-premise $0.00 $0.56 $3.61 $3.49

Cloud-based $9.78 $0.00 $0.00 $3.49

Microsoft Exchange Online $8.66 $0.00 $0.00 $3.49

Google Apps* $4.17 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00

Server hardware and OS

Server software Client software

Storage
Message filtering Message archiving Staffing Total

$1.23
$2.99 $8.89 $4.41 $25.18

$0.00
$1.86 $8.11 $1.85 $25.08

$0.00
$0.00 $6.33 $1.85 $20.32

$0.00
$0.00 $3.75 $0.55 $8.47

*Google doesnt currently offer an offline email client. Note: The pricing and features available in each architecture vary by provider. This is a scenario for 15,000 employees with email.

Cost per user per month Subscription Server hardware and OS Server software Client software Storage Message filtering Message archiving Staffing Total

On-premise $0.00 $0.56 $3.61 $3.49 $1.23 $2.99 $8.89 $4.41 $25.18

Cloud-based $9.78 $0.00 $0.00 $3.49 $0.00 $1.86 $8.11 $1.85 $25.08

Microsoft Exchange Online $8.66 $0.00 $0.00 $3.49 $0.00 $0.00 $6.33 $1.85 $20.32

Google Apps* $4.17 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $3.75 $0.55 $8.47

*Google doesnt currently offer an offline email client. Note: The pricing and features available in each architecture vary by provider. This is a scenario for 15,000 employees with email.

Cost per user per month On-premise email

5,000 seats $28.22

15,000 seats $25.18

25,000 seats $22.52

35,000 seats $20.11

45,000 seats $17.84

55,000 seats $16.59

Cloud-based email

$27.24

$25.08

$23.05

$21.09

$19.18

$18.18

Microsoft Exchange Online Standard

$21.55

$20.32

$19.22

$18.19

$17.21

$16.68

Google Apps*

$8.59

$8.47

$8.39

$8.32

$8.28

$8.24

*Google doesnt currently offer an offline email client. Note: The pricing and features available in each architecture vary by provider.

Related Technologies
Utility computing the "packaging of computing

resources, such as computation and storage, as a metered service similar to a traditional public utility, such as electricity Grid computing "a form of distributed computing and parallel computing, whereby a 'super and virtual computer' is composed of a cluster of networked, loosely coupled computers acting in concert to perform very large tasks Peer-to-peer distributed architecture without the need for central coordination, with participants being at the same time both suppliers and consumers of resources (in contrast to the traditional clientserver model)

Emerging Technologies
Clouds, Cloud Computing Grid Computing, Utility Computing SaaS Software as a Service P2P : Peer-to-Peer Networks Web 2.0, Web 3.0, Semantic Web The Internet of Things

Evolution of the Web

What is Context-Aware Computing?