Introduction To CNC Milling Machine

Machine axis & coordinate system

3 Axis
- X-Axis - Y-Axis - Z-Axis

Basic Geometry

Right Hand Rule

Dimensional

Advantages of CNC Machine Tools

Constant work part quality & less scrap ~ Fewer human machining mistake Improved machine utilization ~ Machine may work for long hours Increased flexibility ~ Programs may be re-called or even edited within shorter time Increased productivity ~ Higher machining speed ~ Decreased time in basic and auxiliary preparation or even finishing job for machined part Increased machining scope & capability ~ May manufacture complex parts that is difficult, or even impossible to be machined with conventional machine

Machine Reference Point

The machine zero point (also called the machine datum) constitutes the origin of the machine reference system. As a rule it has been defined by the manufacturer and it cannot be altered.

Tool Reference Point

All tool movements effected by the control system (according to the specified coordinates) will refer to the tool reference point, which is situated on the front face of the tool mounting

Work part Zero Point

The work part Zero point is also mean start point. It can be set at center, left or right at bottom or on top of the work piece. It is recommended, though, to define the work part zero as identical with the origin (zero point of the coordinate system) of the work part design drawing this way the dimensions can be adopted directly from the drawing in the course of programming a contour.

Tool Length and Radius Compensation

Programming procedures
Raw material setup Tool setup Zero point definition
Data generation Program editing Simulation running
Create the setup form before we write the NC program in interactive mode

Write the NC program and run the simulation and solve any problem that occurred during the simulation

The icon functions of the milling machine screen

Open NC program

If we click on this icon, we can see all the NC-programs. The NC-program folder is the one in which you can see the programs,

you have already edited.

EDITOR
If we click on this icon, we can see the current program in the editor which enables us to look at the current programmed line by line.

TOOL EQUIPMENT

Tool equipment

If we click on this icon, we can look at the tool equipment. Within this window, we can select the tools we want to work with. We can also remove or replace the tools here.

INTERACTIV MODE
Interactive Mode

This mode demonstrates the current simulation line by line. The program will simulate whichever process you have highlighted or clicked on. In fact you always write your programs in this mode.

TESTRUN
Test run

This mode enables us to view a quicker simulation. In this mode, the machine movements are faster than in reality. It only function when we are running the program.

DIMENSIONING
Dimensioning

Within this mode, we can investigate each work piece in detail. It enables us to measure every dimension of the work piece, after we finish doing the cutting or drilling a hole.

GRAPHIC MODE
Graphic mode

There are three graphic icons that enable us to view the work piece in three different modes. -The first mode is a 2D overview. -The second is a 3D overview with chuck. -The third is a 3D overview of the work piece without chuck.

ZOOM BOX
Zoom box

This icon gives us the possibility to view the machine, work piece and tools in five different view modes. - The first view mode is an overview of the whole machine. - The second view mode is an overview of the machine table. - The third is an 3D overview of the chuck device. - The fourth is a closer overview of the work piece. - The fifth is an overview of all the tools.

ZOOM RECTANGLE
Zoom rectangle

This icon enables us to click on the image and highlight various detailed views of the machine, work piece and tools.

STUDY 3D GRAPHIC

Study 3D graphic

This icon enables us to view the work piece from every angel.

SET-UP DIALOG
Introduction: The primary requirement for simulating an NC program on one of our virtual machining centers is that the machine tool must be set up in the same way as a real machine tool that is ready for production. The set-up condition essentially involves the specifications describing the work piece, means of clamping it, reference coordinates, tools and offset values. This set-up condition is summed up and recorded in a tooling / set-up sheet which is entered as the header in every NC program when the set-up dialog is concluded. If an existing NC program is loaded into the machine tool memory, the tooling / set-up sheet header can be edited or adapted after opening it with the <Set-up dialog> function. To create a new program, call up the set-up dialog by means of the <Set-up dialog. file> function and enter a name for the program. The contents of the default set-up / tooling sheet Dflt_mte are then entered as defaults for the new set-up / tooling sheet and these can then be edited using the dialog functions.

Creating a new NC program editing an existing set-up / tooling sheet

Select the function in order to open the NC program administration window. In the file name field, a name for a new NC program can be entered, e. g. test . It is also possible to select an existing program name here. The (Open) function then creates a new program or opens the existing program and starts the set-up dialog accordingly.

Overview of the set-up dialog

If you want to use the set-up dialog to create a complete set-up / tooling sheet, follow the steps accessed by the following tabs:

Set-up dialog General information tab

In this tab, enter general information on the purpose of the respective programming task. It is not mandatory however to enter data in this tab when setting up a program. Important: Clicking on the button terminates setup operations. Do not click on this button until you have finished setting up the machine tool or editing the existing set-up / tooling sheet.

Set-up dialog Work piece tab

Various standard work piece shapes are provided. The geometry data input fields containing default values or into which you have to enter values are identified by xxx.

Set-up dialog Work piece tab

Set-up dialog work piece clamping tab

Overview of possible combinations of clamping devices. Selection of clamping tool types in the administration window:
-the pre-set means of clamping is removed. -opens the administration group for types of clamping devices or for selecting means of clamping. List fields allow you to make entries or select and accept pre-set limit values or default values.

Set-up dialog Work piece clamping chuck clamping

Set-up dialog Work piece clamping tab

The ZMT value matching the specified means of clamping and the clamping depth is recommended by the set-up dialog in the ZMT selection/input field. If you enter a value that differs from the recommendation, a warning is shown to inform you that the ZMT must be corrected or, if your ZMT entry is greater than there commended value, that a spacer plate must be placed below the clamping device.

Set-up dialog Coordinate origin register tab

Four register values, G54, G55, G56 and G57, are available for defining the work piece coordinate origin (zero coordinates).
The coordinate origin values are internally specified for the corners of the work piece and the centre of the base surfaces and can be defined via a selection field. In the lower selection field, select the respective specification (e. g. <top face left-hand front corner of work piece).

The coordinates of the selected reference origin can be shifted incrementally by values IX, IY and IZ.
You can define a single reference origin or up to four such origins, G54-57.

For standard raw work pieces, you can define the reference origin as being one of the recommended reference points by simply selecting this point and then optionally move the reference origin relative to this point by the offsets IX, IY and IZ.

Set-up dialog Tool system tab

If the tool set is not edited, the new set-up/tooling sheet can now be completed and stored by clicking on the button, you can then exit the set-up dialog.

The tool set can be checked and used for the current program set-up or can be edited if necessary.

Set-up dialog Tool system tab

Milling machine setting end, enjoy with the CNC machine programming.