Third Conference - 28-30 December, 2009

- 11-31 1341

IDEATIONAL, INTERPERSONAL & TEXTUAL RESOURCES FOR TRANSLATORS

BASIL HATIM THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF SHARJAH

ONE VERSION OF REALITY

No sooner had the British occupation authorities been ensconced in Iraq than they set out to issue all manner of declarations and orders.

ANOTHER VERSION OF REALITY

After they had established their position in Iraq, the British occupation authorities set out to issue a range of declarations and orders.

ONE VERSION OF REALITY

The British occupation sapped the labours of povertystricken peasants, and burdened these desperate people with all kinds of taxes.

ANOTHER VERSION OF REALITY

The labors of poverty stricken peasants were all but sapped and all kinds of taxes were levied.

WHO DO YOU BELIEVE? A REGISTER ANSWER

FIELD = SUBJECT MATTER (NON)TECHNICALITY TENOR = ADDRESSER/ADDRESSEE (IN)FORMALITY MODE = SPOKEN/WRITTEN-LIKE TEXT QUALITY

YES, NON-TECHNICAL/ INFORMAL/ SPOKEN LIKE, BUT ONLY SLIGHTLY No sooner had After they had the British established their occupation position in Iraq, the authorities been British occupation ensconced in authorities set out to Iraq than they issue a range of set out to issue declarations all manner of declarations

YES, NON-TECHNICAL/ INFORMAL/ SPOKEN LIKE, BUT ONLY SLIGHTLY

The British occupation sapped the labours of povertystricken peasants . . . and burdened these desperate people with all kinds of taxes.
The labors of poverty stricken peasants were all but sapped and all kinds of taxes were levied.

FIELD RE-VISITED

THERE IS MORE TO REGISTERS FIELD THAN SUBJECT MATTER TECHNICALITY

IDEATIONAL MEANING RESOURCES We use language to talk about our experience of the world, including the worlds in our own minds. Thompson (1996: 28)

IDEATION I ACTIVITY
The British occupation sapped the labours of povertystricken peasants, and burdened these desperate people with all kinds of taxes.

IDEATION II PASSIVITY
The labors of poverty stricken peasants were all but sapped, and all kinds of taxes were levied.

The British occupation sapped the labours of povertystricken peasants, and it burdened these desperate people with all kinds of taxes.

TENOR RE-VISITED

THERE IS MORE TO REGISTER TENOR THAN FORMALITY OR INFORMALITY

INTERPERSONAL MEANING RESOURCES

We also use language to interact with other people, to establish and maintain relations with them, to influence their behaviour, to express our own viewpoint on things in the world, and to elicit or change theirs.

INTERPERSONAL I ELICITING SOLIDARITY WITH VICTIM

The British occupation sapped the labours of povertystricken peasants, and burdened these desperate people with all kinds of taxes.

INTERPERSONAL II AUTHORITY & POWER

The labours of povertystricken peasants were all but sapped and all kinds of taxes were levied.

MODE RE-VISITED

THERE IS MORE TO REGISTER MODE THAN SPOKEN VS WRITTEN

TEXTUAL MEANING RESOURCES In using language, we organise our messages in ways which indicate how they fit in with the other messages around them and with the wider context in which we are talking or writing.

TEXT/ DISCOURSE/GENRE I
The British occupation sapped the labours of povertystricken peasants, and burdened these desperate people with all kinds of taxes.

TEXT/ DISCOURSE/GENRE II
The labours of povertystricken peasants were all but sapped and all kinds of taxes were levied.

RE-REGISTRATION I
The notion of re-registration means that no single word or stylistic feature or register will be barred from admission to a literary context. (Carter and Nash 1990, 38-39)
TO ANY CONTEXT IN FACT

THAT IS

Re-registration recognizes that the full unrestricted resources of the language are open to exploitation for literary ends. FOR ANY ENDS IN FACT

THIS IS REGULATED BY CONTEXTUAL APPROPRIATENESS EFFICIENCY EFFECTIVENESS MARKEDNESS MOTIVATEDNESS

RE-REGISTRATION I EXPECTED UNMARKED NORMALCY

HISTORICAL WRITING EXPOSITORY/ ANALYTICAL

The labours of povertystricken peasants were all but sapped and all kinds of taxes were levied.

RE-REGISTRATION II UNEXPECTED MARKED HIJACKING

JOURNALISTIC EDITORIALIZING POLEMICAL/HORTATORY The British occupation sapped the labours of povertystricken peasants and burdened these desperate people with all kinds of taxes.

TEXT THEN IS
THE DEPLOYMENT OF IDEATIONAL, INTERPERSONAL AND TEXTUAL RESOURCES IN THE SERVICE OF A PARTICULAR RHETORICAL PURPOSE SUCH AS ARGUING

DISCOURSE IS
THE DEPLOYMENT OF IDEATIONAL, INTERPERSONAL AND TEXTUAL RESOURCES IN THE SERVICE OF A PARTICULAR ATTITUDE OR PERSPECTIVE SUCH AS RACISM

GENRE IS
THE DEPLOYMENT OF IDEATIONAL, INTERPERSONAL AND TEXTUAL RESOURCES IN THE SERVICE OF A PARTICULAR NORMS OR CONVENTIONS SUCH AS THE FAIRY TALE

WHAT CULTURE IS NOT

A COLLECTION OF OBJECTS TO DO WITH SUCH ASPECTS OF SOCIAL LIFE AS ECOLOGY, HISTORY OR INSTITUTIONS

WHAT CULTURE IS PRACTICES INSTRUMENTAL IN FORMING AND LEGITIMATING THE SAME SOCIAL FORCES AND INSTITUTIONS

WHAT CULTURE IS
PERSPECTIVES :
THE FULL RANGE OF ACTIONS AND INTERACTIONS THAT MEMBERS OF THE CULTURE CARRY OUT, INDIVIDUALLY AND WITH OTHERS, THAT IS, VERBAL AND NONVERBAL LANGUAGE IN DIFFERENT CONTEXTS OF COMMUNICATION

CULTURE THEN IS TANTAMOUNT TO

THE DEPLOYMENT OF IDEATIONAL, INTERPERSONAL AND TEXTUAL RESOURCES IN THE SERVICE OF PARTICULAR TEXTUAL PURPUOSES, DISCOURAL PERSPECTIVES AND GENERIC NORMS OR CONVENTIONS

INTERPERSONAL POWER & SOLIDARITY

INTERPERSONAL RESOURCES POWER AND SOLIDARITY

) (

INTERPERSONAL POWER AND SOLIDARITY

() ()

Abdel Haleem POWER ALL THE WAY

Why should I not worship the One who created me? It is to Him that you will be returned.

Arthur J. Arberry REVERSAL

And why should I not serve Him who originated me, and unto whom you shall be returned?

SHAKIR SPOT ON

And what reason have I that I should not serve Him Who brought me into existence? And to Him you shall be brought back;

I SUGGEST

Would it be unreasonable of me if I did serve Him Who created me, and it is to Him that you shall all be brought back?

TRANSLATING POWER & SOLIDARITY

Is it unreasonable that I should worship Him who has created me, and to whom you and I will
all be brought back

PRAGMATIC GLOSS
I CANNOT FOR THE LIFE OF ME FIND ONE GOOD REASON WHY I SHOULD NOT WORSHIP HIM WHO CREATED ME, AND TO WHOM YOU AND SHALL ALL BE BROUGHT BACK WILLY NILLY

PRAGMATIC GLOSS IF I DID NOT WORSHIP HIM I WOULD BE LEFT WITH NOTHING, FOR I WAS NOTHING UNTIL HE CREATED ME AND GAVE ME EVERYTHING, AND IT IS TO HIM THAT YOU AND I SHALL ALL BE BROUGHT BACK WITHOUT FAIL

AGENCY: PASSIVITY IN ORWELLS 1984

Style features
PERFECT ASPECT PASSIVE VOICE NOMINALIZATION + DEPERSONALIZATION NEGATION

Passage
He ... had been stricken immediately by an overwhelming desire to possess it.... At the time he was not conscious of wanting it for any particular purpose. (NEF 9)

PASSIVITY PRESERVED COMPROMISED

Winston's .heart sank

 He had a feeling of deadly helplessness

PASSIVITY PRESERVED COMPROMISED

If he could have been certain that O'Brien was lying, it would not have .seemed to matter

: "

PASSIVITY COMPROMISED
He ... had been stricken immediately by an overwhelming desire to possess .... it.... At the time he was not conscious of wanting it for any particular purpose.

A LITTLE CONTEXT
He began telling her the story of his married life, but curiously enough

she already knew the essential parts of it. she appeared to know the essential parts of it already.

PASSIVITY ALL AROUND 1

She described to him how she saw Katharine stiffen her body She described to him, almost as if she had seen or felt it, the stiffening of Katharine's body as soon as he touched her,

2
the way in which she still kept on pushing him from her with all her strength, the way in which she still seemed to be pushing him from her with all her strength,

3
Katharine clasped her arms tightly around him,

even when her arms were clasped tightly around him.

1
A needle slid into Winston's arm. Almost in the same instant a blissful, healing warmth spread all through his body. The pain was already halfforgotten.

2
At the sight of the heavy, lined face, so ugly and so intelligent, his heart seemed to turn over.

3
He opened his eyes and looked up gratefully at O'Brien. .

4
If he could have moved he would have stretched out a hand and laid it on O'Brien's arm. .

1
He had never loved him so deeply as at this moment, and not merely because he had stopped the pain.

2
The old feeling, that at bottom it did not matter whether O'Brien was a friend or an enemy had come back.

3
O'Brien was a person who could be talked to.

4
Perhaps one did not want to be loved so much as be understood

THE INTERPERSONAL DIMENSION

GOALS
POWER SOLIDARITY

MANIFESTATIONS
MOOD (Is utterance a Statement, Question or Command)

MODALITY (How certain?)