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Reinforced concrete structural systems such as floors, roofs, decks, etc., are almost monolithic, except for precast systems. Forms are built for beam sides the underside of slabs, and the entire construction is poured at once, from the bottom of the deepest beam to the top of the slab.
Introduction to T-Beams
Positive Bending Moment In the analysis and design of floor and roof systems, it is common practice to assume that the monolithically placed slab and supporting beam interact as a unit in resisting the positive bending moment.
The question arises of what width of the slab is to be taken as the effective width?
Where lz is the distance between points of zero moment (which, for a continuous beam, may be taken as 0.7 times the
effective span).
BS8110:Part 1:1997, Clause 3.4.1.5 Effective flange width = be < (bw + lz/5) 350 + 6000/5 1550 mm Actual flange width = 4000 mm Therefore, be = 1550 mm
BS8110:Part 1:1997,Clause 3.4.1.5 Effective flange width = be < (bw + lz/5) 300 + ( 0.7x6000/5 ) 1140 mm Actual flange width = 4000 mm Therefore, be = 1140 mm
Example 1
Under Reinforced
Balanced Reinforced
Over Reinforced
fcu=30N/mm^2
D =420mm As =1470mm^2
Bf=800 hf=150
Bf=800
=150
0.45fcu
Depth,d Fst
Z=d-(s/2)
As =1470mm^2
CALCULATION.
Using concept of equilibrium of force. Force compression, Fcu= Force tension, Fy Therefore, 0.45 fcubfs=0.95fyAs Solve the equation to find s, s= (0.95x460x1470) / (0.45x30x800) s=59mm x=s/0.9 =66mm
Now by taking the moment at the centroid of the reinforcement, the moment of resistance,M M=Fcu x z =0.45fcubfsz =0.45x30x800x59x390x10^-6 =249 kN m
Compression=Tension 0.45fcu[(bf-bw)hf +bws]=0.95fyAs And by taking the moment at the tensile steel, M= 0.45fcu[(bf-bw)hf (d-(hf /2)) + bws(d(s/2))] However, the limit of the depth of the neutral axis is x=d/2.or s=0.9(d/2) By substituting s=0.45d into moment equation
Simplify it,
M= 0.45fcu (bf-bw)hf (d-(hf /2)) + 0.156fcubd^2
Therefore if the applied moment is greater than this maximum moment, compression reinforcement is required.
In order to find the area of steel compression reinforcement, As= Ma M/ (0.95fy(d-d) Where Ma= apply moment M =maximum moment d =distance from surface of flange to center of steel compression reinforcement.