SOCIAL INSTITUTION AND ITS IMPACT ON INDIA

Presented By: Swati Gupta Vishal Thappa Vishal Mittal

Social Institution
A group of social positions, connected by social relations, performing a social role. Institution in a society that works to socialize the groups or people in it. Examples include education, religion, NGOs, Governments, families, economic systems. It is a major sphere of social life organized to meet some human needs. They are patterns of relationships which is expected to be maintained as per certain rules and regulations, with a focus and functions to be performed, and to bring about social change/order.

 Education is the starting of the civilization and considered the backbone of the society. Education makes contribution to economic development, social progress of society.

Types of School in India all must follow government curriculum

Government schools least desirable Private schools wide ranging fees, top quality Navodaya Vidyalayas for govt officials Kendriya Vidyalayas for govt officials Corporate schools vary by industrial funding Military sponsored base schools Religious denomination schools Tribal schools least regulated

 India has the highest number of colleges and universities 8,407 according to a UNESCO study in 2009 India, accounts for 5.5% of the global total of mobile students. According to Government of India and World Bank estimates, India will have 40 million graduates by 2020 In 2009, 96 per cent of children in the age group 6 to 14 in rural India are enrolled in school.

 Only 12 of every 100 children who pass high school exams go on to become graduates

Source : Aser 2009 as on 15th Jan 2010

The less governmental the school the more religion one finds.

Many children sell goods in the street rather than go to school.

Playground in Government School

Playground in Private School

Building of a Government Primary School

Canteen in Government School

Slums beyond a Private school

 The World Bank has approved two education projects worth $1.05 billion as on 19-03-2010 Between 2003 and 2009 the number of children reportedly enrolled in elementary education in India increased by 57 million to 192 million. The number of children out of school declined from 25 million to 8.1 million

 Right of Children to free & Compulsory Education Act(RTE), 2009 will be implemented from April 1st 2010. 13th Financial Commission recommended a grant of Rs. 24,068 crore for elementary education for year 2010-14. 15% of the estimated SSA expenditure of each state was granted by ministry

Problems
Only 45% of total education funds granted by centre were utilized.
STATE BIHAR JHARKHAND MADHYA PRADESH UTILIZATION OF FUNDS(in Percentage) 42 43 47

 Over 52.8% of rural children studying in 5th Class in India are at least 3 grade level behind. Attendance is major issue which is least in Bihar with less than 60% in primary schools. HRD ministry failed to use 45% of funds provided in different sectors in 2009-10

 Centres Allocation for Education in Financial Year 2009-10 is Rs. 44,528 crore which is four fold from 2001-02. SSA in 2009-10 was allocated Rs. 13,100 crore. Since Primary Education is focal point so Secondary Education is likely to take back seat. RMSA is allocated Rs. 1,554 crore is lacking right budgetary allocation this year.

 SSA students are finding difficulty to enroll in Secondary schools. Lacking Infrastructure, teachers are making the tasks difficult. Higher budgetary support is required to bridge gap in quality and quantity.

Elementary and Secondary Education Schemes

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA): Opening of new 2,88,155 schools construction of 2,40,888 school supply of free textbooks to 9.05 crore children, Appointment of 10.11 lakh teachers and in-service training for 21.79 lakh teachers. Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA): achieve an enrolment ratio of 75 per cent for Classes IX-X within five years by providing a secondary school National Programme of Midday Meals in Schools The Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV): Model Schools Girls Hostels In Educationally Backward Blocks

Higher and Technical Education

Scheme of Sub-Mission on Polytechnics under Coordinated Action for Skill Development Community Development through Polytechnics Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs):

Source : UNESCO

Harvard, Haryana or Oxford, Orissa

466 universities, thousands of colleges 13 million students enrolled in them, Quantity vs Quality?

 This is a milestone which will enhance choices, increase competition and benchmark quality by Kapil Sibal Is this Bill really a milestone? Will it benefit students? A question of quality?

What is required to be done

Strong focus on student learning Decentralization and local empowerment Emphasis on continuous learning and innovation Use of outside change agents and consultants

"In finding the solution to our problem, we shall have helped to solve the world problem as well....If India can offer to the world her solution, it will be a contribution to humanity." Rabindrinath Tagore Novel Laureate on Nationalism, 1917

SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS: NGOs

Non-governmental organization (NGO) is a term that has become widely accepted as referring to a legally constituted, non-governmental organization created by natural or legal persons with no participation or representation of any government. NGOs are formal voluntary organizations within the citizen sector (or civil society), serving a social purpose

Role of NGOs in the Indian Development

Poverty Alleviation Education of poor children Womens Movement Environmental conservation AIDS Prevention Disaster Management Help Corporates discharge CSR activities

Hunger and Poverty Alleviation

Innovation in hunger and poverty program design and implementation Flexibility in designing and modifying hunger and poverty programs to suit local conditions; and greater opportunities for rigorous evaluation Providing targeted public goods for poor communities Common property resource management design and assistance with program implementation Greater trust and credibility of NGOs by participants, and by perhaps developed country donors and firms Representation and advocacy, based on affiliation with poor, socially excluded peoples

Education of Poor Child

Now Feeding 11,98,206 Children Everyday! in 17 locations across seven states in India.

Of the 193 million Children in the age group 6 to 14 years, 8.1 million children are out of school as of Sept 2009 as per Government statistics.
Ngos works as a catalyst to change the lives of underprivileged children and youth and give them a better future. Through plethora of education, healthcare, livelihood and girl child oriented programmes spread throughout India, these Foundations facilitate individuals, corporates and institutions to invest in social initiatives aimed at the welfare of poor and needy children.

Ensuring children receive their basic rights to survival, development, participation and protection
Tribal Children
Children in Institutions Orphaned/ Abandoned Children Children of Commercial Sex Workers Sexually Abused Children Girl Children Disabled Children Working Children

SEGMENTS ADDRESSED

CHILD
Street Children

Prostituted Children Disaster impacted children

Women Causes

Womens Reservation Bill cleared in Rajya Sabha

Fix separate budget for Domestic Violence Act: Women's

groups (CSR, WPC, ICRW)

Source: March 18, 2010 , ZeeNews.com

Address Environmental Concerns

Survival International, a London-based NGO, has appealed to the director of the Hollywood blockbuster Avatar, James Cameron, to lend his support in fighting against London-listed mining and metals major Vedanta Resources from setting up its aluminium plant in Orissa. Source: rediffBusiness, February 9, 2010

Take the WaterShed Organisation Trust. It successfully converted the drought-affected barren land near a village called Darewadi near Pune in Maharashtra, into fertile land using only natural resource management techniques, on a budget of just Rs 80 lakh.

Disaster Management

Aids Prevention

Awareness Generation

Counselling/ Advocacy

Care Giving

Partenship models for health care delivery

CSR In Business

Sixty seven per cent of India's domestic companies have chosen nongovernment organisations (NGOs) as partners to undertake their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) projects,according to the results of a survey by the Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (Assocham). Source: Business Standard, Mar 21, 2010 Vineet Nayyar, Managing Director of IT services firm Tech Mahindra has donated3.5 lakh shares, which is worth Rs. 31.78 croreto Essel Social Welfare Foundation. Essel Social Welfare Foundation, an umbrella organization to many other NGOs, supports education of underprivileged children, including the girl child and the visually handicapped. Source: March 5, 2010, The Economic Times

Health

Education

Livelihood

Girl Child

Conclusion..
The vibrant and fast growing NGO sector in India today gives the citizens of India an opportunity to not only contribute towards the betterment of the society but also allows aspirants to explore the various career prospects that this sector has to offer. Today, awareness and consciousness about human development issues concerning the country is gaining increasing significance. More so, with the increasing professionalism of this sector, there are unprecedented levels of interest from professionals from the mainstream corporate sector to come in, join and contribute philanthrophically.

What is Health
A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity Can include components like nutritional, spiritual and intellectual also

Health care in India

Entitlements by policy and not rights Focus on preventive and promotive care Grossly under-provided facilities Poor investments hitherto Declining public expenditures and new investments Structural Adjustment programming under World Bank dictate

Public Health
Public health is the science of protecting and improving the health of the communities through education, promotion of healthy lifestyles and research for diseases and injury prevention. It includes various disciplines such as biology, sociology, mathematics, anthropology, public policy, medicine, education, psychology, computer science, business, engineering and much more It focuses on entire populations rather than on individuals. These can be as small as a local neighborhood or as big as an entire country

Core functions of Public Health

Monitoring health situation Disease surveillance Health promotion Regulations Partnerships Planning & Policies HRD Reducing impact of emergencies on health

Public Health Dilemma:

Equity and Equality Quantity and Quality Public/Private/ Voluntary sector Education/ Persuasion/ Coercion Professional/ Para Prof/ Auxiliaries Privatization/ Disinvestment

Problems
Indirectly related to health
Environment Education Empowerment

Directly affecting Health

Diseases Communicable Non Communicable New emerging Fertility Population Growth rate Total Fertility Nutrition Malnutrition Obesity

Problems-Why
Access Availability Utilization

Challenges
Manpower- Number & Norms Rural / Urban differential Geographical divide across States

Accessibility/ reach
Gaps between Policy & Action Health sector expenditure Newer Infections

Role of Central Govt. in Health Care

Policy formulation Maintaining International health relations Administration of central health institutions Regulating Medical education through statutory bodies-MCI/DCI/Councils Medical & Public health research-funding Standards- laying & maintenance(Drugs/Education) Coordination-Other ministries/States/Statutory bodies Central Health Acts Negotiation with International agencies

NRHM
The National Rural Health Mission has been launched on 12th April, 2005 for a period of seven years (2005 2012) for providing integrated comprehensive Primary Health Care Services, specially to the poor and vulnerable sections of the society. The NRHM covers the entire country, with special focus on 18 states where the challenge of strengthening poor public health systems and thereby improve key health indicators is the greatest. These are Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Mizoram, Sikkim and Tripura.

NRHM Great Expectations

Access to integrated comprehensive primary healthcare. Transform public health system into an equitable, accountable, accessible and affordable system of quality services. Reduction in IMR-MMR; Prevention and control of communicable and non-communicable diseases; Population stabilization. Focus on states with poor infrastructure Increase spending on health from 0.9 % of GDP to 2-3% Revitalize local health traditions; mainstream AYUSH Integration of health concerns with determinants of health such as nutrition, sanitation, etc. Decentralization of management of health

Performance of NRHN
Areas critical to the functioning of a comprehensive health system continue to be neglected Provision of limited package of services through government health services, as against improving and strengthening them for providing comprehensive health services Privatization being promoted; however existing massive private sector not being regulated the doctor-pharmaceutical company nexus Lack of staff

Unified Health Plan

The government is expected to launch a unified healthcare programme the National Health Mission (NHM) with a budgetary support of around Rs.15000 cr The new flagship scheme will be framed by merging UPA flagship venture National Rural Health mission (NRHM) and the yet-to-be launched National Urban Health Mission (NUHM). The new programme will focus on strengthening the entire public healthcare system primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare facilities to cater to both urban and rural poor across the country. Under the new health mission, which will be a centrallysponsored scheme, 100% central assistance will be provided for fiscal 2010-11

References
www.wikepedia. http://rankings.ft.com/exportranking/globalmba-rankings/pdf The Tribune The Times of India The Hindu ASER 2009 National Knowledge Commision