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Textile Fabrics
Textile Fabrics
Textile Fabrics
Weaving
Weaving is one of the most common methods of fabric formation by interlacing of warp and weft threads.
Weaving
Shedding
Raising specific warp yarns by means of a harness or heddle frame
Shedding
Raising specific warp yarns by means of a harness or heddle frame
Picking
Inserting filling yarns through the shed
Picking
Inserting filling yarns through the shed
Beating up (Battering)
Pushing filling yarns firmly in place by means of the reed
Beating up (Battering)
Pushing filling yarns firmly in place by means of the reed
Types of Weaving
Shuttle Loom Weaving
Shuttleless Loom Weaving
Types of Weaving
Shuttle Loom
Conventional loom that utilizes a shuttle containing a bobbin of filling yarn (weft/pick) passing through the warp (warp/ends) shed Oldest kind of loom Many disadvantages (slow, damages thread, noisy) Examples: Handloom, Power looms, Circular etc.
Types of Weaving
Shuttle Loom
Types of Weaving
Shuttleless Looms
Any modern loom that overcomes the disadvantages of a shuttle loom by eliminating the use of shuttle for weft insertion Examples: Projectile, Airjet, Rapier, Waterjet etc.
Shuttleless Looms
Missile or Projectile Looms
The missile or projectile is a small light, light, gripper device propelled across the loom, pulling filling yarn behind it Device smaller than a flying shuttle Several missiles used on one loom Produces very wide fabric Not suitable for fragile fabrics
Shuttleless Looms
Missile or Projectile Looms
Shuttleless Looms
Rapier Looms
Uses a rapier device to pull filling yarn through warp shed, across the loom width The rapier is a metal rod, either flexible or rigid, with a weft gripper at the end Rapier mechanism is more capable of producing delicate fabric as compared to missile weaving
Shuttleless Looms
Rapier Looms
Shuttleless Looms
Jet Looms
Jet looms take the filling yarn across the loom by using high speed jet of either air or water The force of air or water carries the yarn across the loom Faster than missile or rapier looms with higher picks per minute (ppm) Jet looms cause no abrasion to the yarn unlike missile or rapier Water jet ideal for hydrophobic fibers
Shuttleless Looms
Airjet Looms
Fabric Features
Selvage Warp and filling yarns Face and back Top and bottom Yarns per inch
Selvage (Selvedge)
All other weaves are a variation or combination of these weaves. The type of weave used in a fabric depends upon the fabrics desired appearance and performance.
Plain Weave
Simplest and most inexpensive Requires only two harnesses Each filling yarn goes alternatively under and over a warp yarn across the fabric width
Twill Weave
Produces diagonal lines on cloth In a right-hand twill, the diagonals run upward toward the right, and in a left-hand twill, the diagonals run upward toward the left. Denim
Satin Weave
Similar to twill, but there is only one interlacing for each warp, and each weft yarn. No interlacing ever touch, or are adjacent. Long floats
Weave Floats
When one yarn does not interlace with the next adjacent yarn, but passes over two or more adjacent yarns, it is said to be a float.