Global System for Mobile Communication.

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BY Shailja Yadav
Company name: Videocon telecommunication LIMITED
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DISCUSSION TOPICS
History of company What is GSM? GSM history GSM services GSM architecture GSM techniques GSM channels
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History of company
Type Industry Founded Founder(s)

: Public : Conglomerate : 1979 : Nandlal Madhavlal : Aurangabad, : Venugopal Dhoot

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Dhoot

Headquarters

Mumbai, India
Key people

(chairman)

WHAT is GSM?
GSM is a standard for a Global System for Mobile

communications. Global System for Mobile communications, a mobile phone system based on multiple radio cells (cellular mobile phone network).
Two main standards are followed:

1. GSM 900 (global system for mobile communications in the 900 MHz band) 2. DCS 1800 (digital cellular system for the 4/7/12 1800 MHz band)

WHAT is GSM?
Global

(CONTD)

system for mobile (GSM) is a second generation cellular standard developed to cater voice services and data delivery using digital modulation.

Todays GSM platform is a hugely successful

wireless technology and an unprecedented story of global achievement.

Since 1997, the number of GSM subscribers

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has increased by a staggering 10 fold. The

GSM HISTORY
Developed by Group Spciale Mobile (founded

1982) which was an initiative of CEPT ( Conference of European Post and Telecommunication ).

Presently the responsibility of GSM

standardization resides with special mobile group under ETSI ( European telecommunication Standards Institute ).

Full set of specifications phase-I4/7/12 became

available in 1990.

GSM HISTORY
Year
1982 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993

(CONTD)

Milestone
GSM formed Field test TDMA chosen as access method Memorandum of understanding signed Validation of GSM system Pre-operation system Commercial system startup Coverage of larger cities/airports 4/7/12 Coverage of main roads

GSM SERVICES
Tele-services Bearer or Data Services Supplementary services

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 Call Waiting

Basic services provided by GSM

- Notification of an incoming call while on the handset

Call Hold

- Put a caller on hold to take another call

Call Barring

- All calls, outgoing calls, or incoming calls

Call Forwarding

- Calls can be sent to various numbers defined by the user

Multi Party Call Conferencing
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Advanced Features Provided by GSM

Calling Line ID

- incoming telephone number displayed

Alternate Line Service

- one for personal calls - one for business calls

Closed User Group

- call by dialing last for numbers

Advice of Charge

- tally of actual costs of phone calls

Fax & Data

- Virtual Office / Professional Office

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GSM ARCHITECTURE

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GSM ARCHITECTURE
OMC

(CONTD)

MSC/VLR BSC A BSS C Um MS HLR/ AUC F EIR H SC/VM MSS

E MSC/VLR PSTN ISDN PSPDN

BTS

Abi s

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Mobile Station ( MS )
Mobile Equipment Portable, vehicle mounted,

hand held device

Uniquely identified by an

IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) transmission

Voice and data Monitoring power and

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Mobile Station (MS) (CONTD)

Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
Smart card contains the International

Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)

Allows user to send and receive calls and

receive other subscribed services

Protected by a password or PIN Can be moved from phone to phone

contains key information to activate the 4/7/12 phone

Base Station Subsystem (BSS)

Base Transceiver Station

(BTS)

Encodes, encrypts, multiplexes,

modulates and feeds the RF signals to the antenna. Frequency hopping

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Base Station Subsystem (BSS) (CONTD)

Base Station Controller (BSC) Manages Radio resources for BTS Assigns Frequency and time slots for all

MSs in its area

Handles call set up Transcoding and rate adaptation

functionality

Handover for each MS

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Network Switching Subsystem(NSS)

Mobile Switching Center (MSC)

Heart of the network Manages communication between GSM and other networks Call setup function and basic switching Call routing Billing information and collection Mobility management Registration Location Updating Inter BSS and inter MSC call handoff
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Network Switching Subsystem(NSS)

(CONTD)

Home Location Registers (HLR)

permanent database about mobile subscribers in a large service area (generally one per GSM network operator) database contains IMSI, MSISDN, prepaid/postpaid, roaming restrictions, supplementary services.

Visitor Location Registers (VLR)

Temporary database which updates whenever new MS enters its area, by HLR database Controls those mobiles roaming in its area Reduces number of queries to HLR
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Database contains IMSI, TMSI, MSISDN, MSRN, Location

Network Switching Subsystem(NSS) (CONTD)

Authentication Center (AUC)
Protects against intruders in air interface Maintains authentication keys and algorithms and

provides security triplets ( RAND, SRES, Kc)

Generally associated with HLR

Equipment Identity Register (EIR)

- Database that is used to track handsets using the IMEI

(International Mobile Equipment Identity) Black List and the Gray List

Made up of three sub-classes: The White List, The Only one EIR per PLMN
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GSM Interfaces
The connections shown in pink are various

interfaces.

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GSM MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES

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FDMA
Divide available frequency

into channels each of same bandwidth some of these channels and thus the bandwidth for a provider is decided. used together could not provide for all the consumers of the network thus the channels are further multiplexed.

Each of the providers buys

Still all the channels even if

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TDMA
Different signal energies are distributed into

different timeslots. So the useful signal is passed only in the specified timeslot. conversation uses one timeslot.

Each channel is divided into timeslots, each

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GSM CHANNELS
Channels are divided into two

categories:
Physical channels
The individual channels carried by radio

frequency carrier.
Each carrier comprises of 8 time separated

channels.

Logical channels
Time dependant virtual channel carried on a 4/7/12 single physical channel.

Control / Logical channels

Control channels are divided into three classes,

based on how and when they are used: broadcast channels (BCH); common control channels (CCCH); and dedicated control channels (DCCH).

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OU Y NK HA T

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