OMD6010 Traffic statistics analysis

ISSUE1.1

Wireless Curriculum Development Section

Content
Brief Introduction for BSC Traffic Statistics collectivity structure menu introduction key item introduction Often-used Traffic Statistics Items analysis Locating problems through traffic analysis Case analysis for Traffic statistics

Main Structure of Traffic Statistics System

BM1 Call process data BM data Hardware data

BM

Signaling data

AM/CM BAM
HUB
OMC SERVER

WS1

WS
3

Brief Introduction for BSC Traffic Statistics

Advanced Global Pre-set Counters Design

Once the host starts, the global counters begin to work at different statistics points constantly and automatically without manual interfere

Abundant and Powerful Statistics Functions

Menu Introduction for BSC Traffic Statistics

Task

list management

BSC traffic statistics platform provide features of registering new taskdeleting registered taskrefreshing task list and exiting traffic statistics system

Menu Introduction to BSC Traffic Statistics

Task

management
BSC traffic statistics provide the features of modifying task

namemodifying statistic period of permanent taskhanging up task activating task examining task information querying task result and querying task running state

Menu Introduction to BSC Traffic Statistics

Template

management

Template management provide the features of Defining item template object template time template user-defined statistic item and refreshing all templates

Brief Introduction for BSC Traffic Statistics item

TCH congestion rate
TCH congestion rate (excluding HO) = TCH seizure failures (excluding HO) / Attempted TCH seizures (excluding HO) *100% TCH congestion rate (including HO) = TCH seizure failure (including HO) / Attempted TCH seizures (including HO) *100%

Brief Introduction for BSC Traffic Statistics item

TCH call drop rate
TCH call drop rate(%) = TCH call drop /Successful TCH seizures (all) *100% SDCCH call drop rate SDCCH call drop rate(%) = SDCCH call drop / Successful SDCCH seizures (all) *100%

Brief Introduction for BSC Traffic Statistics Item

SDCCH Congestion Rate
SDCCH Congestion rate (%) = SDCCH seizure failures due to SDCCH busy/ Attempted SDCCH seizures *100%

Brief Introduction for BSC Traffic Statistics Item

Radio Connection Successful Rate

Radio connection success rate(%)=(1-TCH congestion Rate)(1-SDCCH congestion Rate) A key item used to show the performance of radio service

Brief Introduction for BSC Traffic Statistics Item

HO Successful Rate
Inter cell HO successful rate (%) = Successful Inter cell handovers /Attempted Inter cell handovers *100% Inter cell wireless HO successful rate(%)=Successful Inter cell handovers /Attempted Inter cell handovers *100%

Brief Introduction to BSC Traffic Statistics Item

BSC Measurement Function
SCCP Measurement Function

BTS Initialization Measurement

Cell Broadcast Statistic

A-interface Operation and management Outgoing Inter-cell HO Measurement Function statistic Incoming Inter-cell HO Measurement Function A-interface Equipment Maintenance Undefined Adjacent Cell Measurement statistic Function A-interface Trunk Board message Defined Adjacent Cell Measurement Function statistic Receiving Quality Measurement Function CPU Measurement Function Receiving Level Measurement Function BSC Cell Broadcast Measurement Function Link Balance Measurement Function MTP Measurement Function Cell Measurement Function Power-control Measurement Function Call Drop Measurement Function Site Initialization Measurement Function LAPD Link Measurement Function Cell Frequency Scan GPRS Measurement Function

Content
Brief Introduction to BSC Traffic Statistics Often-used Traffic Statistics Items analysis

Locating Problems through Traffic Statistics

Case analysis for traffic analysis

Often-used Traffic Statistics Items analysis

Systematical architecture
From Above to Below, From Global to Local

Integrality

Can observe the change trend of item over a week or day by day

Relativity
Relationship between all kinds of traffic statistics items

Often-used Traffic Statistics Items analysis

Analysis Process
First we should analyze and compare the sub-item of BSC measurement/C1 report statistics function to have a roughly acknowledgement for the whole network.
During analyzing , if any important items (such as call drop rate or HO successful rate) are abnormal, we should do some further and detailed analysis for the corresponding contents.

Often-used Traffic Statistics Items analysis

Analysis Process

The cell that has one abnormal item and large faulty times (call drop, congestion, handover failure and so on) Using percentage and faulty times (call drop, congestion, handover failure and so on) together to decide whether doing some further analysis or not

Often-used Traffic Statistics Items analysis

Paging successful rate

immediate assignment successful rate

TCH congestion rate call drop rate handover successful rate interference band others

Often-used Traffic Statistics Items analysis

Paging successful rate

Having relations with ATT ,coverage area, random access performance Having relations with the paging re-sending Mechanism implemented by BSC or MSC

Often-used Traffic Statistics Items analysis

Immediate assignment successful rate
When BTS receives RA message from MS, BTS will apply channel from BSC. If there is no channels available, BSC will send Immediate assignment rejection message which indicates the failure of Immediate assignment.At the same time, MSs access will be forbidden for some time. The interference and collision between random access both will affect immediate assignment successful rate.

Often-used Traffic Statistics Items analysis

TCH congestion rate(TCH fully occupied)

It is a key item used to assess cell load When the load of the cell overruns the system limitation, trying to distribute some traffic to adjacent cells

Often-used Traffic Statistics Items analysis

TCH Interference Band measurement

The result in each TCH interference band shows the average number of idle TCHs within this interference band in one statistics period, which reflects the average interference level of the idle TCHs. In urban and suburb area,because of different density of base station and the different frequency reuse pattern,the acceptable interference level is different.

Often-used Traffic Statistics Items analysis

Call drop and the causes
TCH Call drop reason include four parts: Radio link disconnection when TCH seized (Connection failure) Radio link disconnection when TCH seized (Wrong indication) Ground link disconnection when TCH seized (ABIS) A interface failure when TCH seized

Analysis of Often-used Traffic Statistics Items

Call drop statistics points

TCH call drop rate = TCH call drop times / Successful TCH seizures (all) *100% Traffic density at average TCH call drop can also be used to assess the whole system call drop performance:

Analysis of Often-used Traffic Statistics Items

TCH/SDCCH RF lost Rate:
TCH/SDCCH RF lost Rate (%) = (Radio link disconnection when seized (connection failure) + Radio link disconnection when TCH/SDCCH seized (error indication)) /Successful TCH/SDCCH seizures (all) *100%

Often-used Traffic Statistics Items analysis

Seizure failure (congestion) and the causes
Assignment Failure Equipment Fault Invalid Ground Resource Ground Resource already allocated Illegal Message Contents Radio Interface Failure and return to original channel No Available Channel Others

Often-used Traffic Statistics Items analysis

Seizure failure (congestion) statistics point
TCH congestion rate (excluding HO)(%)= (TCH seizure failures + TCH immediate assignment failures) / (Attempted TCH seizures + TCH immediate assignments)*100%

Often-used Traffic Statistics Items analysis

SDCCH congestion rate
SDCCH congestion rate= (Attempted SDCCH seizures meeting a SDCCH blocked state /Attempted SDCCH seizures)100%

Often-used Traffic Statistics Items analysis

SDCCH congestion rate statistics point
Attempted SDCCH seizure meeting a SDCCH blocked state is counted when there is a SDCCH seizure attempt but no SDCCH available.

Attempted SDCCH seizures (all): 1:Receiving CH_REQ, and the channel type is SDCCH, or there is no TCH but SDCCH during very early assignment process; 2: Incoming interBSC inter cell HO and the handover type SDCCH HO 3:Incoming internal inter cell and intra-cell HO and the handover type is SDCCH HO

Analysis of Often-used Traffic Statistics Items

HO statistics point
Inter-cell HO successful rate=(Successful incoming internal inter cell handovers + Successful incoming interBSC inter cell handovers + Successful outgoing internal inter cell handover + Successful outgoing interBSC inter cell handover / (Incoming internal inter cell handovers + Attempted incoming interBSC inter cell handovers + Outgoing internal inter cell handovers + Attempted outgoing interBSC inter cell handovers)*100%

Analysis of Often-used Traffic Statistics Items

HO statistics point

Contrapose different objects such as BSC, dualband 900/1800, incoming/outgoing HO, intra-cell HO and so on there are different items. Fast locating the problem by analyzing different items

Analysis of Often-used Traffic Statistics Items

Causes of handover
Power budget Bad uplink signal quality Bad downlink signal quality Low uplink signal strength Low downlink signal strength Abnormal TA value Other reasons HO types and times can be find in outgoing/incoming cell HO measurement function

Analysis of Often-used Traffic Statistics Items

HO failure reasons

No available channel Illegal frequency Timer time out Illegal channel Illegal TA Other reasons

Analysis of Often-used Traffic Statistics Items

Balance between uplink and downlink
All the measurement reports for certain TRX are sorted into different balance level, the sum also reflects the traffic carried on the TRX.

Distribution of measurement reports for each TRX in one cell should be coincident except in underlay/overlay cell.
Modifications are made considering power control, receiving sensitivity of MS and BTS when sorting.

Analysis of Often-used Traffic Statistics Items

Cell frequency scan

Show the signal levels received by main antenna and diversity antenna Reflecting the interference level on each frequency The difference between the measurement results got by main and diversity antenna reflects the difference between the two antennas such as direction, gain, path loss and so on.

Analysis of Often-used Traffic Statistics Items

Receiving level performance
Receiving level performance measurement is based on TCH channel: The receiving level is divide into following bands: Band 0 : -110~100dBm Band1 : -100~95dBm Band 2 : -95~90dBm Band 3 : -90~80dBm Band 4 : -80~70dBm Band 5 : > -70dBm

Content
Brief Introduction for BSC Traffic Statistics Analysis of Often-used Traffic Statistics Items

Locating problems by the Aid of Traffic Statistics

Case Analysis for Traffic Statistics

Incoming HO

Low HO success rate

Outgoing HO

TCH performance

Traffic Statistics Analysis

Link Balance

Alarm data

General method of traffic analysis

BSC Measurement Function

High congestion rate

SDCCH performance

Link balance

Alarm data

TCH performance

High call drop rate

Link balance

Call drops

TCH performance

Alarm data

Traffic Statistics Analysis

Work together with other network optimization methods

Drive Test: simulate common subscribers behavior Analyzing objects: Coverage/Quality/HO/Signaling etc. CQT:Call Quality Test

Traffic Statistics Analysis-call drop

TCH call drop analysis
Analysis Diagram
Cell with high call drop rate

HO performance measurement

Call Drop Measurement

Cell performance statistics

Alarm and hardware fault

Outgoing-cell HO success rate incoming-cell Successful HO rate

Uplink average level when TCH call drops

Downlink average level when TCH call drops Uplink average quality when TCH call drops Downlink average quality when TCH call drops Average TA value when TCH call drops

Times of call drop

Data from interference band reasons of call drops

Times of HO failure and re-establish failure

Traffic Statistics Analysis-call drop

TCH call drop analysis

Call drop Types

Call drop can be generally divided into 4 category, as following:
Edge call drop:low receiving signaling level, large TA Nearby low level call drop:low receiving signaling level and small TA BQ call drop: high receiving signaling level and bad quality Sudden call drop: before call drop,the call is normal, then call drop happened suddenly

Traffic Statistics Analysis-call drop

Edge call drop
Causes: MS is out of cells effective coverage area, island phenomenon caused by over-coverage or forgetting adding the neighbor and

Stand-along site
Solutions: Adding new site to guarantee the effective continuous coverage; Adding neighbor to let the MS can handover to other cell; Increasing antenna height, using high gain antenna, adjusting antenna down-tilt; Modifying related parameters,such asSACCH multiframes,Radio link time out,Margin HO threshold,HO statistic time, which will partly improve the call drop rate

Traffic Statistics Analysis-call drop

Nearby low level call drop
Cause: Poor coverage caused by complicated terrain structure or high dense low level buildings. Solutions:

Increasing ERP;
Adjusting antenna direction and down-tilt, making the main lobe point to high traffic area; Adjusting call drop related parameters

Traffic Statistics Analysis-call drop

BQ call drop( high signal level)
Causes:

Interference of the uplink or downlink

High transmission bit error rate(BER) Repeater working different frequency band Radar or other similar equipment Improper frequency plan Self-interference caused by BTS itself

Interference source:

Traffic Statistics Analysis-call drop

BQ call drop( high signal level)
Solution:
Wiping out illegal external interference; Optimizing frequency planning; Adjusting antenna&feeder system, avoiding island effect; Avoiding transmission BER.

Traffic Statistics Analysis-call drop

Call drop analyzing process
1:Find out cells with high call drop rate;
2:Further analysis of these cells traffic load and total call drop times; 3:Observing call drop performance included in the call drop performance measurement task;

4:Check the interference band distribution;

5:Classify the call drop according to the 4 typical characteristics of call drop.

Traffic Statistics Analysis-call drop

Main reasons
1.Interference (internal interference, external interference, and interference from the equipment)
2. Poor coverage (no-signal area, and isolated island) 3. Unreasonable HO (neighbor cell plan and HO related parameters) 4. Link unbalanced (TMA, power amplifier, directions) 5. Unreasonable parameter setting ( RLT , and frames) SACCH multi-

6. Equipment problem (TRX, power amplifier, and TMA)

Traffic Statistics Analysis-call drop

1. Interference(internal/external)-1
Check call statistics:

Analyzing the appear disciplinarian of the interference band in the traffic : change trend according to time and traffic
Shut down TRX one by one to observe the interference distribution

Traffic Statistics Analysis-call drop

1. Interference(internal/external)-2

Check call statistics: Check the percentage of HO caused by poor quality in all HOs, and in the Receiving Quality Measurement Function, check the average receiving quality level for each TRX In Call Drop Measurement Function: Check the average level and quality for each call drop

Traffic Statistics Analysis-call drop

1. Interference(internal/external)-3
Solutions:
Through drive test, checking the interference and signal quality distribution along the driving path By the aid of spectrum analyzer

HF, DTX, Power control(PC)

Fix equipment failure(such as: TRX self-oscillation, antenna intermodulation)

Traffic Statistics Analysis-call drop

2. Coverage(outage area/island)
Check statistics items:

1. In Power Control Performance Measurement , the average

uplink and downlink signal strengths are too low 2. In Receiving Level Performance Measurement , a lot of low signal level records are found 3. In Cell Performance Measurement/Inter-cell HO Measurement Function, the average receiving signal level are too low when HO is triggered 4. In Call Drop Performance Measurement , the signal level is too low when call drop happens, or the TA value is abnormal. 5. In Defined Adjacent Cell Performance Measurement , the neighbor cells with low average signal level can be found

Traffic Statistics Analysis-call drop

2. Coverage (no-signal area/island)
Locating methods:

1. The average level for neighbor is too high in the defined neighbor
measurement (over-coverage). 2. In Power Control Performance Measurement , check whether the average distance between the MS and the BTS comply with the design concept; 3. In Power Control Performance Measurement , check whether the maximum distance between the MS and BTS contains abnormal values. 4. In Outgoing Inter-cell HO Performance Measurement , whether the HO successful rate to a certain cell is low;

Traffic Statistics Analysis-call drop

2. Coverage(outage area/island)
Solutions: Drive test in the estimated poor coverage area Adjust the following parameters based on the drive test results: BTS EIRP, Antenna down-tilt and height, MS min-access-level, adjacent cell relationship, the min-rx level required for HO candidate cells Add site

Traffic Statistics Analysis-call drop

3. Unreasonable HO (neighbor planning and HO

parameters)
Locating methods: 1. Check the HO parameters to see if there are any unsuitable parameter settings. 2. In Inter-cell HO Performance Measurement , check whether there are many HO failures and re-establishment failures. 3. In Inter-cell HO Performance Measurement , check whether there are many HOs and and many HO re-establishment successes. 4. In undefined Adjacent Cell Performance Measurement : check whether the signal level and the number of MRs for the undefined neighbor cell exceed the normal value.

Traffic Statistics Analysis-call drop

5. In Outgoing Inter-cell HO Performance Measurement : finding out which cell's outgoing HO successful rate is low (for a specific cell); locating the the neighbor cell to which the HO successful rate is low, and doing further analysis of the causes from the target cell.
6. The incoming HO successful rate is low, and the HO parameter setting is unsuitable in the original cell. 7. TCH performance measurement: the amount of HOs are not proportionate to the amount of successful TCH seizures for call (HOs/callls>3)

Traffic Statistics Analysis-call drop

3. Unreasonable HO (neighbor planning and HO

parameters)
Solutions: 1. Adding the missing neighbor cells.

2. Adjusting HO parameters.

Traffic Statistics Analysis-call drop

4. Unbalanced uplink and downlink (tower amplifier, power amplifier, and antenna directions)
Locating methods: 1. analyzing Link Balance Performance Measurement item in call statistics system, and analyzing whether the uplink and downlink are unbalanced based on the system relevant parameters 2. checking Call Drop Performance Measurement in call statistics system, and analyzing the average received signal level and quality of the both uplink and downlink before the call was dropped 3. checking Power Control Performance Measurement in call statistics system, and analyzing the average received signal level of both the uplink and downlink

Traffic Statistics Analysis-call drop

5. Unsuitable wireless parameters setting (Radio Link time-out, SACCH multi-frames)
Locating methods: 1. Checking all relevant parameters : 2. In system information table, check the counter of Radio Link time-out; 3. In cell attribute information table, check SACCH multiframes, and the timer for Radio Likn connection. Solutions:

Modify the unsuitable configuration of the above parameters.

Traffic Statistics Analysis-call drop

6. Equipment problem (TRX, power amplifier, tower amplifier, etc.)
Locating methods: 1. TCH Measurement Function: abnormal number of A interface failures during TCH seizure. 2. TCH Measurement Function: TCH availability abnormal. 3. TCH Measurement Function: many call drops caused by ground links disconnection. 4. Link Balance Measurement Function: the traffic for each TRX belongs to one cell is of great difference. 5. BSC Measurement Function: assignment failure (Equipment failure).

Traffic Statistics Analysis-call drop

6. Equipment problem (TRX, power amplifier, tower amplifier, etc.)
Solutions: Observing transmission and board alarms (TC board failure, A interface PCM synchronization alarm, LAPD link disconnected, power amplifier board alarm, HPA alarm, TRX alarm, and CUI/FPU alarm); analyzing if transmission is disconnected or failure boards existing (for example, the TRX cant work).

Traffic Statistics Analysis-SDCCH call drop

SDCCH call drop

SDCCH call drop analysis: refer to TCH call drop analysis

Traffic Statistics Analysis-HO

HO analysis
Analysis diagram
Low HO Success Rate

TCH Measurement Function

HO Measurement Function

Alarm(Clock), Hardware Fault

Incoming-cell Failure in BSC

Cause of Failure in BSC

Outgoing-Cell Failure in BSC Outgoing Inter-cell Handove Measurement Function

Incoming Inter-cell HO Measurement Function

Causes: 1,no available chan. 2,others

1.Illegal Channels 2.Illegal Carrier 3.Illegal TA 4.Timer out 5.Others

Traffic Statistics Analysis-HO

HO failure analysis
General method: 1:Cells with low HO successful rate(all cells/ part cells)

2:HO failure direction(outgoing-cell HO failure or incoming-cell HO failure)

3:HO failure relation(between serving cell and target cell: between serving cell and all the neighbor cells or between serving cell and parts of cell)

Traffic Statistics Analysis-HO

HO failure analysis process
1:Finding out low HO successful rate cells 2:Finding out cells with too many HO failures 3:Comaring the incoming cell HO failure times and outgoing cell HO failure times, to see which one of them is the dominant. 4:Registering a task to measure the incoming cell HO and outgoing cell HO performance. 5:Finding out HO failure regularity(fail to all neighbor cells or only part of the cells, HO failure is caused by all trigger conditions or only part of them)

Traffic Statistics Analysis-HO

Potential causes for HO failure
Unreasonable HO parameters Hardware failure(TRX board fault) Congestion Interference Coverage Uplink/downlink unbalanced

Clock(Inner clock, external clock)

Traffic Statistics Analysis-HO

1. Unreasonable HO (neighbor cell planning and HO parameters)
Locating method and solutions:
1. Checking whether the HO parameter thresholds such as TA, BQ and HO function switch are suitable or not. 2. The times of HO are much more than successful TCH seizures for call. If HO/call>3, then it is likely that the Ping-Pong HO phenomenon will take place. So you should thoroughly check the parameter setting and adjust them (layer setting, inter-lay HO hysteresis, inter-cell HO hysteresis, PBGT threshold, etc.). 3. Inter-cell HO Measurement: When the handover happens the average signal level and it is possibly caused by the HO thresholds such as the margin threshold are too low.

Traffic Statistics Analysis-HO

2. Hardware failure
Objects needed to by analyzed:
Low incoming HO successful rate cells Neighbor of the low incoming HO successful rate cell

Methods: 1. The target cell contains active channels, but NACK or TIMEOUT. 2. TCH availability abnormal. 3. Lots of call drops due to ground links disconnection.

4. If the call drop rate and congestion rate of this cell are high, some equipment in this cell may have some fault.

Traffic Statistics Analysis-HO

2. Hardware failure
Locating methods: 5. Observing transmission and board alarms (TC board failure, A interface PCM sync alarm, LAPD link disconnected, power amplifier board, HPA, TRX alarm board, and CUI/FPU alarm); analyzing if the transmission is disconnected or boards fail (for example, the TRX is damaged). 6. Checking if there is a clock alarm. 7. When BTS HO access are limited by the access level and quality, it is necessary to pay attention to the relevant parameter settings (RACH access threshold, random access error threshold.)

Traffic Statistics Analysis-HO

3. Congestion
Objects needed to analyzed: Low incoming HO successful rate cells Neighbor of the low incoming HO successful rate cell

Locating methods: 1. After eliminating the above unreasonable parameter setting and equipment fault, the following problems still exist: A. In incoming inter cell HO Measurement: many HO failure (congestion): B. In inter-cell HO Measurement Function: if the outgoing HO attempts is far more than outgoing HOs, that means a lot of channel requests are rejected by the target cell; it is possible caused by the congestion of the target cell; 2. Making sure that the congestion really exists according to fullbusy time, etc., from TCH performance measurement; using following method to solving the problem

Traffic Statistics Analysis-HO

3.Congestion
Solutions:
1. Adjusting cells coverage (adjusting the transmitting power of the BTS, the MS minimum access level, the RACH access threshold, the random access error threshold, and the antenna down-tilt)

2. Adjusting main cell parameters (adjusting CRO, start load handover threshold, cell priority and cell handover parameter)
3. Expanding the cell or adjusting the carrier configurations for different cells

Traffic Statistics Analysis-HO

4. Others
After solving parameter settingshardware failure and congestion problems. Referring to TCH call drop analysis, analyzing and solving parameter settings interferencecoverage and unbalanced link problem for adjacent cell.

Traffic Statistics Analysis-TCH congestion

TCH congestion Analysis

Potential causes:
1. limited system capacity 2. Serious interference

3. Coverage
4. Antenna and feeder problem 5. Unreasonable parameter settings(system information)

Traffic Statistics Analysis-TCH congestion

1. Insufficient system capacity or traffic distribution unbalanced
Locating methods:
1. The traffic of per line is too high. 2. When the channel availability is 100%, there are many channel requests rejected due to channel busyness, and it lasting for a long time. 3. Abnormal heavy Traffic and the distribution is unbalanced. 4. Incoming Handover Measurement shows that there are too many incoming handover failures (due to congestion).

Traffic Statistics Analysis-TCH congestion

1. Insufficient system capacity or traffic distribution unbalanced
Solution: 1. Expanding system capacity or adjusting the carrier configurations between the busy and the none-busy cell. 2. Adjusting cells coverage (adjusting the transmitting power of the BTS, the antenna direction, down-tilt, height, etc.). 3. Adjusting relevant cell parameters (CRO, minimum MS access signal level, start load handover.). 4. Adjusting cell priorities and cell handover parameters.

Traffic Statistics Analysis-TCH congestion

2. Interference(internal interference/external interference)
Interference brings unacceptable BER which will affects the assignment command and the process, results in assignment failure. Downlink Interference in the idle mode makes MS DSC decrease to 0, make MS reselect to another cell with low signal level, this is the other potential reason for seizure failure. If TCH seizure times (include HO) minus TCH seizure meet busy times is large, there should have some interference. Refer to locating and solving TCH call drop caused by interference

Solutions:

Traffic Statistics Analysis-TCH congestion

3. Antenna and Feeder problems
Methods:
Cell Frequency Scan: checking the measurement results for the same frequency got from main receiving antenna and diversity receiving antenna . Uplink\downlink Balance Measurement : MR numbers in each level.

Solutions:

Check antenna direction, down-tilt , and the connections.

Traffic Statistics Analysis-TCH congestion

4. Improper parameters setting
Locating methods: Check parameters such as MS min access level, cell reselection related parameter. Solution: Adjust the improper parameters.

Traffic Statistics Analysis-TCH congestion

5. Coverage(Outage area/island)

Methods and solutions: Refer to coverage analysis for TCH call drop rate .

Traffic Statistics Analysis-SDCCH congestion

SDCCH Congestion Rate
Main reasons that will affect SDCCH congestion rate: Improper parameters(system message) Insufficient system capacity Improper LAC planning Interference

Traffic Statistics Analysis-SDCCH congestion

1. Improper parameters
Locating methods: Random Access Performance Measurement: Immediate assignment successful times/immediate assignment times>85% Above formula shows the rate of est_ind times from MS and the immediate assignment command times from BSC. If the rate is abnormal, potential improper parameters existing in the system message.

Traffic Statistics Analysis-SDCCH congestion

1. Improper parameters
Solutions: Parameter adjustment(Random Access Error Threshold, RACH Access Threshold, Max. Resend times, Tx-integer) Location Update related parameters(dual-band network parameters such as CRO, cell reselection hysteresis, T3212) In dual band network, many location update maybe be caused by dual band handovers. So for dual band network HO parameters also need to be adjust.

Traffic Statistics Analysis-SDCCH congestion

2. Insufficient system capacity
Capacity problem under some special condition: Border between different location are, nearby the railway, sudden a great amount of location update.

In this case, adding more SDCCH channel, enable SDCCH autoallocation feature or adding TRX will be the suggested solution.

Traffic Statistics Analysis-SDCCH congestion

3. Improper LAC planning
Examples: LAC border is along a street or a rail way: the movement of the MS and the multi-path propagation will bring frequent location update.

Traffic Statistics Analysis-SDCCH congestion

4. Interference
RACH threshold is low, at the same time, there is some interference in the system, which will bring a lot of illusory SDCCH channel requests.

Content

Brief

Introduction

for

BSC

Traffic

Statistics

Analysis of Often-used Traffic Statistics Items

Locate problems by the Aid of Traffic Statistics

Case analysis for Traffic Statistics

Case analysis one

Description

Some networks handover successful rate was always very low because of the congestion (about 70%), referring to busy hour traffic statistics of Nov the 24th.

In the evening of Dec the 3th, urban site D was expanded from

S2/2/2 to S3/3/3.

Busy hour handover successful rate didnt

got improved after

expansion, in some period of time handover successful rate was lower than old value, referring to busy hour traffic statistics of Dec the 3th , at the same time lots of subscribers began to complain networks quality.

Case analysis one

Site location diagram

Case analysis one

traffic statistics of Nov the 24th

handover successful rate radio handover Intra-BSC Intra-BSC successful incoming incoming rate HO failure times HO failure times (no channel available (others)
90.02% 93.98% 90.06% 91.67% 89.07% 93.80% 76.36% 88.10% 94.44% 91.91% 95.53% 397 389 314 502 0 0 0 26 0 0 0 18 2 51 25 33 20 12 63 2 6 5

Cell

TCH congestiong

D1 D2 D3 D3 A2 A3 F2 E1 E2 E3 B3

53.41% 49.82% 57.67% 61.25% 78.40% 77.14% 76.36% 66.22% 92.73% 83.25% 83.48%

47.53% 67.23% 48.31% 40.61% 0 0 0 5.33% 0 0 0.75%

Case analysis one

traffic statistics of Dec the 3th

handover radio handover Intra-BSC Intra-BSC success rate success rate incoming HO incoming HO failure times failure times (no channel available) (other reason) TCH congestion rate (all busy)

Cell name

Case analysis one

Disposing

process

Analyzing traffic statistics before expansion and after expansion, we found handover failure caused by no available channel, radio handover success rate was normal before expansion. In Urban area many cells radio handover successful rate began to drop after expansion, therefore we could say the cause of handover failure after expansion has been changed. Analyzing urban sites location diagram, we found out lots of cells radio handover successful rate were low , moreover these cells had handover relations with site D . Therefore we think the handover had some relation with site D.

Case analysis one

Disposing

process

When we began to check site Ds hardware through maintenance console, we found out TMU board state is abnormal and clock lost lock. Finally we affirmed high call drop rate caused by the wrong setting of switches in TMU board. The next day after processing , busy hour handover successful rate is higher than 90%, network became normal, referring to busy hour traffic statistics of Dec the 7th.

Case analysis one

traffic statistics of Dec the 7th

handover successful rate radio handover Intra-BSC Intra-BSC TCH successful incoming incoming congestiong rate HO failure times HO failure times (no channel available (others)

Cell

Case analysis one

Conclusion

and suggestion

We can get the conclusion from this case, paying attention to the difference between radio handover successful rate and handover successful rate can help us to locate network problem.

Handover problem sometime accompanies with call drop and other network phenomena, it is a important clew of locating problem.

Case analysis two

Description

When we observed the traffic statistics , we find out call drop rate of one cell are very high, busy hour call drop rate exceed 2% From traffic statistics performance measurement, it was easy to find that the average uplink level is 1 (-109dBm), while the downlink level was 26 (-84dbm), High call drop rate was because of up link/down link unbalanced. From uplink/downlink performance measurement, we found out one TRX was normal, but for the other TRX, the times for each level increased level by level (from level to level 10). Times of level 1 is 0, while times of level 11 is 5833, this proved that downlink was better than uplink.

Case analysis two

Analyzing

and processing

We excluded the cause of antenna&feeder because only one TRX is abnormal, therefore we could said that trouble maybe caused by uplink channel problem of TRX.

When we changed the TRXthe soft jumper line and the CDU, the problem was solved, we found that the polarization diversity receiving port of CDU had some fault.

Case analysis three

Description

After cut over the M1800 network, some subscribers complained that when the mobile resided in the M1800 network and made a call, they often heard the voice: the user you are calling is not in the service area. we found this problem really existing after lots of call test, but it war normal when mobile call other mobile in M900 network. It was difficult to find out the regularity of the problem from call test. All of the urban M1800 cells had this problemthe. It was normal for mobile being called or calling other mobile from M900 network.

Case analysis three

Analyzing

and processing

From BSC traffic statistics, we found paging messages from MSC to BSC was much more larger than that BSC sent to cells. Therefore we think BSC lost the paging message.

Tracing Abis signal of GSM900 and GSM1800 site in same area, we found out lots of paging messages being lost in Abis interface of GSM1800 site.

Case analysis three

Disposal

process

Thinking of the LAC of all cells in BM1 had been re-allocated just nowand we reload only data to BM1. AM couldnt send paging message normally due to cell module information table was not

updated , it was apt to lose messages between modules when

paging message was sent from MSC to BM2, and then through AM to BM1.

The problem was solved after we reloaded all the modules.

Case analysis four

Description

1. In a local network, the wireless connection was low. After analyzing the traffic statistics ,we found that SDCCH congestion only occurred at a few sites.

2. Analyzing traffic measurement : in the congested cell, busy hour

SDCCH seizure times wae 300 to 400 . The configuration for all of the BTS is S1/1/1. Each cell had one SDCCH/8 channels. Normally, they were capable of dealing with 300-400 SDCCH seizure. But it was very strange that there were dozens of SDCCH congestion in each cell at busy hours.

Case analysis four

Analyzing

and processing

1.Registering SDCCH Performance Measurement, we found that most SDCCH seizure were for location update. After analyzing the cells location, we found that the above congested BTSs were located at the cross area of two location area along railway lines. So we thought that

SDCCH congestion should be caused by massive location update.

Case analysis four

2. Registering SDCCH Performance Measurement for five minutes, we found that most of the location update happened in a specific 5 minutes. After checking the train timetable we found that 4 or 5 trains pass by in

this period. When the trains passed by, a large amount of location
update happened suddenly, which resulted in congestion. 3. So we should Add SDCCH channel or enable SDCCH dynamic allocation feature to solve the congestion.