SMART ANTENNA

HUMAN HEARING SYSTEM AN ANALOGY FOR SMART ANTENNA

DEFINITION
A smart antenna system combines multiple antenna

elements with a signal processing capability to optimize its radiation and/or reception pattern automatically in response to the signal environment.
Beam the radio signal directly at a user to follow the

user as they move.

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SDMA
Space Division Multiple Access implies that more

than one user can be allocated to the same physical communications channel simultaneously in the same cell, provided they are separated by an angle.
In systems providing full SDMA, there will be much

more

intracell

handovers

and

therefore

more

monitoring by the network is necessary.

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WHY SMART ANTENNA..?

MULTI-PATH

PROPAGATION

Fading Different delays Inter Symbol Interference

To reject or stimulate multipath components by changing the radiation patterns

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 CO-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE

Interference from other directions than wanted user Increased noise level To suppress unwanted user by placing nulls in directions of unwanted signals To improve transmission quality and system capacity
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TYPES OF SMART ANTENNA

Switched lobe or switched beam:

Simplest technique Basic switching function between separate directive antennas or predefined beams of an array The setting that gives the best performance, usually in terms of received power, is chosen
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 Dynamically phased array:

Generalization of the switched lobe concept Includes a direction of arrival (DoA) algorithm for the signal received from the user Continuous tracking can be achieved

 Adaptive array:

DoA to determine the direction towards interferers is added Radiation pattern can then be adjusted to null out the interferers Maximize the signal to interference ratio by special algorithms & space diversity techniques (receive multipath signals & combine)
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How can an antenna be made more intelligent..?

Modifying the physical design by adding more elements II. Antenna system can shift the signals before transmission at each of the successive elements for a composite effect
I.
Controlling signal phases A DSP weighting scheme

This basic hardware and software concept is known as the phased array antenna
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MIMO (MULTIPLE INPUT MULTIPLE OUTPUT)

Its the use of multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to improve communication performance.

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ADVANTAGES
Increased signal gain Better range/coverage Fewer base stations are needed which in turn reduces infrastructure cost Interference rejection & load balancing Increased capacity Spatial diversity Multipath resolution Higher data rates
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Conventional

Smart Antenna

Power Distribution

Legacy RF System

Power Distribution

Low Capacity
Signal Interference from other users

Patented Smart Antenna Software High Capacity

High Complexity
128W
Signal Interference from other users

Low Complexity
2W
Power Level

Power Amplifier Module

Power Level

Power Amplifier

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APPLICATIONS
Applications Description
Phased array RADAR; air traffic control; synthetic aperture RADAR Source location and classification Smart antenna systems; Directional transmission and reception; sector broadcast in satellite communications Ultrasonic; optical; tomographic Earth crust mapping; oil exploration High resolution imaging of universe Neuronal spike discrimination; fetal heart monitoring; tissue hyperthermia; hearing aids

RADAR
SONAR Communications Imaging Geophysical Exploration Astrophysical Exploration

Biomedical

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