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M.NAGARAJU (08GJ1AO236)
Introduction
Energy is a major input for overall socioeconomic development of any society The prices of the fossil fuels steeply increasing So renewables are expected to play a key role Wind energy is the fastest growing renewable
Principles
Beaufort Scale
Force Strength km/h Effect
0 1 2 3 4
Smoke rises vertically Smoke drifts slowly Wind felt on face; leaves rustle Twigs move; light flag unfurls Dust and paper blown about; small branches move
5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Fresh breeze
Strong breeze Near gale Gale Strong gale Storm Violent Storm Hurricane
30-39
40-50 51-61 62-74 75-87 88-101 102-117 Over 119
Potential
Coal 58%
Gas 10%
Gujara Karnat Mahar Rajast Kerala MP Orissa t aka ashtra han 875 2 28.85 456.15 2
TN
WB 450
Gross Potential
Technology
Turbine Evolution
Used for Pumping water Grinding grain
Generating Electricity
Types of turbines
VAWT
Drag is the main force Nacelle is placed at the bottom Yaw mechanism is not required Lower starting torque Difficulty in mounting the turbine Unwanted fluctuations in the power output
HAWT
Lift is the main force Much lower cyclic stresses 95% of the existing turbines are HAWTs Nacelle is placed at the top of the tower Yaw mechanism is required
Counter Rotating HAWT Increase the rotation speed Rear one is smaller and stalls at high wind speeds Operates for wider range of wind speeds
Offshore turbines
More wind speeds Less noise pollution Less visual impact
A Typical HAWT
Material used
Typical length
Tower height
Heights twice the blade length are found economical
Number of blades
Three blade HAWT are most efficient Two blade turbines dont require a hub As the number increases; noise, wear and cost increase and efficiency decreases Multiple blade turbines are generally used for water pumping purposes
Rotational control
Maintenance Noise reduction Centripetal force reduction Mechanisms
Stalling Furling
Yaw Mechanism
To turn the turbine against the wind
Improvements
Concentrators
Economics
Determining Factors
Wind Speed
Exact Location
Improvements in turbine design Capital
Size Matters
Assuming the same wind speed of 8.08 m/s, a large wind farm is more economical
R&D Advances
Manufacturing Improvements
Economic Advantages
No delay in construction
Low maintenance costs Reliable and durable equipment Additional income to land owners More jobs per unit energy produced No hidden costs
Future
So..
Price of wind power is coming down
There is enormous capacity Energy storage, however, is still a problem
Typical Concerns
Visual impact
Off shore turbines
Arrangement
Avian concerns
Suitable choice of site Using tubular towers instead of lattice tower
Using radars
Noise
Varies as 5th power of relative wind speed Streamlining of tower and nacelle Acoustic insulation of nacelle Specially designed gear box Use of upwind turbines Reducing angle of attack
Intermittent
Coupling with hydro or solar energy
Conclusion
Wind energy is pollution free and nature friendly Wind energy has very good potential and it is the fastest growing energy source
The future looks bright for wind energy because technology is becoming more advanced and windmills are becoming more efficient
QUERIES
THANK YOU
Furling