Histology Photo Atlas

Justin McCormick BMD 415 Fall 2010

Epithelial Tissue (3-5) Connective Tissue (6-8) Nervous Tissue (9-11) Muscle Tissue (12-14) Cardiovascular System (15-17) Blood (18-20) Immune System (21-23) Digestive System (24-26) Liver and Gallbladder (27-29) Other Organs Associated with GI (30-32) Respiratory System (33-35) Renal System (36-38) Endocrine (39-41) Male Reproductive (42-44) Female Reporductive (45-47) Eye (48-50) Ear (51-52)

Table of Contents

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Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Nonkeratinized

10X

Stratified squamous epithelium lining the esophagus

Underlying Connective Tissue

ToC Cilia in lumen of trachea

Pseudostratified Epithelium

20X Visible basement membrane Goblet cells Lamina Propria

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Transitional Epithelium
Transitional Epithelium of Urinary Bladder

Binucleate cells

Dome cells signifying relaxed bladder

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Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Dense connective tissue contains thicker and more densely packed collagen fibers, with fewer cell types and less ground substance. Dense connective tissue is present in the dermis of the skin, in capsules of different organs, and in areas that need strong support.

Nuclei of fibroblasts

Collagen fibers

Elastic fibers

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Bone
Proliferating chondrocytes

Volkmanns canal Lacunae Haversion canal Osteon

10X Lamellae Hypertrophied chondrocytes New calcified matrix

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10X

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Adipose Tissue
Scalp with hair follicles and adipose tissue.
The cytoplasm of adipocytes is filled with a lipid droplet that is lost during preparation causing the cells to appear empty.

1.25X

Fat Droplet

Nuclei: Squashed by fat droplet

10X

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Cerebellum
Molecular Layer- sparse neuronal cell bodies Granular Layer- small densely packed neurons

1.25X

Purkinje Cell

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Sensory Ganglion

Central Round Nuclei

Capsule 10X

1.25X Heterogeneous Cell Size

Satelite Cells

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Peripheral Nerve

1.25X

5X Perineurium

Nerve Fasicles

Myelinated Axons 20X

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Skeletal Muscle

Skeletal muscle fibers contain striations and peripheral nuclei

40X
I band: Light band w/ only thin filaments Peripheral Nuclei: Characteristic of skeletal muscle
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A band: overlapping thick and thin filaments

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Cardiac Muscle
Cardiac muscle contains striations, centrally located nuclei, branches, and intercalated disks

Centrally located nuclei

Intercalated Disks

20X Cardiac muscle branch point

20X
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Smooth Muscle

Smooth muscle is nonstriated, spindle shaped cells with central nuclei. Smooth muscle is predominantly found in the linings of hollow organs and blood vessels

Mononucleated, Spindle-shaped cells

1.25X

Smooth muscle in wall of jejunum

40X

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Arteries
20X

1.25X
Adventitia Outer Elastic Lamina Medium Artery

Tunica Media
Inner Elastic Lamina Endothelium
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Veins

Nuclei of Adipocyte

5X

Sm. Muscle Small Vein Endothelium 20X

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Arteriole

1.25X

40X Endothelium Arteriole Sm. Muscle T. Adventitia

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Granulocytes
1. Neutrophil: Neutral staining granules Multilobed nucleus

Eosinophil: Acidophilic granules Bilobed nucleus

2.

3.
Basophil: Basophilic granules

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Agranulocytes

1. Monocyte:
Kidney Shaped Nucleus ~2-2.5X Diameter of Erythrocyte Platelets Lymphocyte: Large Nucleus Thin ring of cytoplasm 2.

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Peripheral Smear

Platelets

Neutrophil

Lymphocyte

Monocyte
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Lymph Node
Lymphoid Nodule

Responsible for filtering the lymph that enters through many afferent lymph vessels and leaves through the efferent lymph vessel

Medullary Cords Medullary Sinus

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Infant Thymus
Trabeculae

Medulla Most active during childhood, and functions as the site of maturation of T cells

Cortex

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ToC Red Pulp

Spleen

Trabeculae

1.25X White Pulp Central arteriole White Pulp

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Duodenum
.63X Submucosal Brunners Glands

Mucosa

Submucosa Muscularis 10X Dense CT: Smooth Muscle: Irregular collagen oriented in two fibers directions 10X Nerve Plexus Mucus Secreting Brunners Glands
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Ileum
Lymphatic nodules called Peyers patches originate in the lamina propria and extend into the submucosa

.31X

Mucosa: Simple Columnar

Submucosa Lymphoid Nodule

Muscularis Germinal Center 5X 5X

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Stomach

1.25X Gastric Pits

Gastric Glands

Muscularis Mucosa Submucosa 5X Muscularis Externa

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Liver
5X 20X

Hepatic Sinusoid

Endothelium
Central Vein Binucleate Hepatocytes

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Portal Triad
20X Limiting plate Portal Vein

5X

Portal Triad Hepatic Artery Bile Duct

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Gallbladder
Simple Columnar Epithelium

False Duct Gallbladder is responsible for storing, concentrating, and releasing bile into the digestive tract following meals

Blood Vessel in Lamina Propria

Dense Irregular ConnectiveTissue

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Tongue

Filliform Papillae

Lamina Propria Taste Bud Fungiform Papillae Taste Pore 1.25X 20X

Foliate Papillae
Lamina Propria
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Salivary Glands
Sublingual Gland Striated Duct 20X

Purely Serous Blood Capillary

Basal Nuclei Parotid Gland 20X Serous Demilune

Mucus Acinus

Serous Mostly
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Submandibular Gland 20X

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Pancreas

1.25X

10X

Endocrine ExocrinePancreas

Pancreas Exocrine Pancreas secretes numerous digestive enzymes in response to CCK. Secretin stimulates the exocrine pancreas to release bicarbonate ions which functions to nuetralize the acidic pH of chyme entering the duodenum.

Islet of Langerhan- composed of many cell types. Alpha cells secrete glucagon during periods of fasting, Beta cells secrete insulin after 32 meals.

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Larynx
Seromucous Glands Respiratory Epithelium

Germinal Center Lymphoid Nodule False Vocal Cord

True Vocal Cord

Stratified Squamous Vocalis Muscle .31X 5x
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Trachea
Hyaline Cartilage Trachealis Muscle

5X

Basement Membrane Pseudostratified Epithelium Goblet Cell 20X

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Lung
Clara Cells: take the place of goblet cells in the terminal bronchioles. Secrete surfactant to help lower surface tension

Alveoli

Alveolar Capillaries

Type I Pneumocyte

Alveolar Duct

Respiratory Bronchiole

Type I Pneumocyte: Form the simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli. Basement membrane is fused with the basement membranes of the alveolar capillaries forming the respiratory membrane. Type II Pneumocyte: Contain lamellar bodies which give rise to surfactant that provide an extracellular coating that lowers surface tension.

40X
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Renal Cortex

Renal Cortex

Glomerulus

Distal tubule .31X Macula densa

Proximal tubule

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Loop of Henle
The Loop of Henle produce hypertonic urine by creating an osmotic gradient in the cortex of the medulla. Vasa Recta surrounding the Loop of Henle help to maintain osmotic gradient by absorbing the water that is secreted from the Loop of Henle.

Medulla
Thin Loop of Henle Collecting tubules/ducts 20X

.31X

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Renal Medulla
The collecting duct functions in the concentration of urine. Responsive to ADH, the collecting duct contains membrane pores that allow water to be secreted from the tubular fluid to the surrounding vasa recta in order to retain water.

Medulla
Collecting Duct Thick Limb Loop of Henle 20X

.31X

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Hypophysis

1.25X

Pars Nervosa

Pars Distalis

Herring BodyAccumulations of Neruosecretory material at the end of the axon terminals in the pars nervosa.

Acidophils-Produce somatropin and prolactin

Basophils-Produce ACTH, TSH, FSH, and LH 20X

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Thyroid

.63X

Thyroid follicles

10X

1.25X Responsible for production Follicular cells- of thyroid hormones as controlled by TSH

Synthesize and secrete calcitonin to lower blood Parafollicular- calcium levels by reducing Cells number of osteoclasts
Follicles with Colloid
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Adrenal Gland
10X .63X
Zona Glomerulosaproduce and secrete aldosterone

Zona Fasiculataproduce and secrete cortisol as stimulated by ACTH Chromaffin Cellsresponsible for producing catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine (fight or flight response)

20X

Zona Reticularisproduce androgens that maintain secondary sexual characteristics in females, but are relatively negligible in males
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Adrenal Medulla

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Seminiferous Tubules

Leydig CellsProduce androgens driven by LH

Sertoli CellsProduce Androgen Binding Protein Form Blood-Testes Barrier Prominent Nucleoli SpermatogoniaStem cell Located along basal lamina Primary SpermatocyteCondensed Chromosomes Crossing over occurs SpermatidsPhase before final maturation (spermiogenesis)
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20X

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Epididymus &Vas Deferens

20X
EpididymusTall Columnar Epithelium Stereocilia Secrete GPC (make sperm plasma membrane rigid Surrounded by smooth muscle to propel sperm Drain to

Vas DeferensPseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Sparse Stereocilia 3 layers of smooth muscle oriented: Longitudinally Circularly Longitudnally

20X

1.25X

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Prostate Gland
Accessory Gland along with seminal vessicles and bulbourethral gland

1.25X

Prostate GlandTypically simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium Produces alkaline secretion to neutralize acidic pH of female reproductive tract pH change activates motility of the sperm Prostatic ConcretionsForm in older individuals when the secretory material precipitates

40X

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Primordial FollicleLocated just beneath Tunica Albuginea Surrounded by squamous follicluar cells

Ovary & Ovarian Follicles

Ovarian Follicles in cortex

40X

.63X

20X

Develops into

40X

Develops into

Secondary FollicleGranulosa cells remain at the periphery of the follicle Corona radiata remains with the primary oocyte Forms the antrum

Primary FollicleGranulosa cells surround primary oocyte Corona radiata- single layer of granulosa cells surrounding primary oocyte Zona pelucidanoncellular glycoprotein layer between the corona radiata and primary oocyte

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Fallopian Tubes

Lumen

Fallopian Tubes: Site of Fertilization

Mucosal folds

Peg cells: nonciliated cells that produce and secrete nutritive fluid which covers the epithelium Internal circular smooth muscle Ciliated cells: sweep toward uterus

5X
Outer longitudnal smooth muscle

40X

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Vagina

.31X

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

The vagina consists of three layers: mucosa, muscularis, and adventitia. In contrast to the esophagus, the lamina propria of the vagina does not contain glands. 10X

Lamina Propria, typically with abundant lymphocytes and blood vessels, but no glands.

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Crista Ampullaris is part of the vestibular system that is responsible for detecting and monitoring angular velocity

Crista Ampullaris
.63X

10X
Cupola: distinguished from macula due to the absence of otoliths

Supporting Cells

Hair Cells

40X

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Macula responds to head orientation, gravity, and linear acceleration

Macula
.63X

Otolithic Membrane 10X Support Cells

40X

Hair Cells
Otolithic membrane

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Cochlea
Scala Media: containing endolymph Tectorial Membrane

1.25X

20X

20X

Basilar Membrane

Outer Hair Cells: type II w/o kinocilia. Located at the end of the tectorial membrane.

Endolymph

Capillary Stria Vascularis: produces endolymph for the entire inner ear by removing ions from the capillaries running through the epithelium (similar to the choroid plexus in the brain).

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ToC Cornea Pupil Limbus: corneal/sclera junction Lens Optic Disc: site of optic nerve exit Nonpigmented inner layer

Eye

.31X

Pigmented 20X outer layer

Ciliary Process: surface epithelium is a double layer of pigmented and nonpigmented cuboidal cells. The nonpigmented layer is the basal surface and thus the inner layer. The pigmented layer is the outer layer. There is no true basal lamina.

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ToC Cornea Pupil Limbus: corneal/sclera junction Lens Optic Disc: site of optic nerve exit 40X

Retina

.31X

Pigmented Epithelium: absrobs stray light that misses the photoreceptor cells Inner Choroid Layer Outer Choroid Layer
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