The Importance of Interpersonal Skills

Understanding OB helps determine manager

effectiveness
Technical and quantitative skills are important But leadership and communication skills are CRITICAL

Organizational benefits of skilled managers

Lower turnover of quality employees Higher quality applications for recruitment Better financial performance
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What Managers Do
They get things done through other people.
Management Activities:
Make decisions Allocate resources Direct activities of others to attain goals

Work in an organization
A consciously coordinated social unit composed of two

or more people that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of 2009 Prentice-Hall Inc. All rights reserved.

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Management Functions
Control

Plan

Lead

Organize
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Management Functions: Plan

Control

Plan
Organize

Lead

A process that includes defining goals, establishing strategy, and developing plans to coordinate activities. As managers advance, they do this function more often.

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Management Functions: Organize

Control

Plan

Lead

Organize

Determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made.

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Management Functions: Lead

Control

Plan

Lea d
Organize

A function that includes motivating employees, directing others, selecting the most effective communication channels, and resolving conflicts. It is about PEOPLE!
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Management Functions: Control

Control
Lead Lead

Organize

Monitoring performance, comparing actual performance with previously set goals, and correcting any deviation.

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 Organization behavior is not a discipline but a detailed

study of integration of behavioral sciences in organization It is study and application of knowledge about human behavior Relates to other components such as structure, technology and system.

Organizational Behavior
A field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organizations effectiveness.

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 Scientific management

Fayols administrative management

Bureaucracy Hawthorne experiments

Social systems approach

Human behaviour approach Systems and contigency approach

 OB is not a developed study but is still evolving and

developing that keeps on changing with time as per present scenario: ---OB is not a discipline ---Interdisciplinary in nature ---Applied sciences ---Normative and Value Centered ---Humanistic and optimistic ---Oriented towards organization objective ---Total systems approach

 Discipline is an accepted science that is supported by

theoretical foundations and results that serves as a basis for research

---OB is evolving and adaptive so a field of study with different approaches

2. Interdisciplinary approach: Integration of various sciences such as sociology, psychology, anthropology also on politics, economics and law. 3. Applied sciences: Purpose of OB is to make application of various researches to solve orgn problems. 4. Normative and value centered: describes how findings and applications can help in getting orgn results acceptable by society.

5. Humanistic and optimistic: needs of people is of high concern and to recognize employee to be independent and help in achieving orgn objectives. 6. Oriented towards orgn objective: Super-ordinate goals of individuals and orgn but orgn is preferred. 7. Systems approach: organization acts as a system integrating various sub systems

 Draws concept from behavioral sciences

--Sociology --Psychology --Anthropology OB is not a discipline Only information that helps in controlling and directing human behavior in organization.

Psychology Individual Sociology

Social Psychology

Group

Study of Organizational Behavior

Anthropology Organization Political Science

17 Chapter 1

Arts & Science Humanities Physical sciences Biological sciences Social sciences Economics History Political sciences Behavioral sciences Psychology Sociology Anthropology

Contributing Disciplines
Many behavioral sciences have contributed to the development of Organizational Behavior
Psychology

Social Psychology

Sociology

Anthropology

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1.

Psychology
Closest component to depict and describe behavioral science. ii. Contributes to behavioral sciences as applied to managerial practiceslearning , motivation, change, conflict resolution etc. iii. Separate branch of psychology---Industrial psychology deals with facts and principles leading to problems concerned with the human relations in the orgn
i.

Psychology
The science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals.
Unit of Analysis:
Individual

Contributions to OB:
Learning, motivation, personality, emotions,

perception Training, leadership effectiveness, job satisfaction Individual decision making, performance appraisal attitude measurement 2009 Prentice-Hall Inc. All rights reserved. Employee selection, work design, and work stress

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2. Sociology:
i. ii. iii.

iv.
v.

Academic discipline. Scientific method to get knowledge. Patterns in which ppl acts towards each other Studies social groups, society , laws, social class, community, prestige etc. Mainly contributes in fields of bureaucracy , role structures, group dynamics, effect of industrialization. Referred as science of man. Studies civilization, forms of cultures, impact of groups, speech etc. Understanding cultural effects on Orgn Behavior.

3. Anthropology:
i. ii. iii.

Sociology
The study of people in relation to their fellow human beings.
Unit of Analysis: -- Organizational System
-- Group

Contributions to OB:
Group dynamics Work teams Communication Formal organization theory Organizational technology Organizational change

Power
Conflict Intergroup behavior

Organizational culture

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Anthropology
The study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities.
Unit of Analysis: -- Organizational System
-- Group

Contributions to OB:
Organizational culture Organizational Comparative values Comparative attitudes Cross-cultural analysis

environment

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4. Economics:
i. ii.

Contributes in understanding decision process, allocation of scarce resources in orgn. Impact of economic policies on the organization.

5. Political Science:
i. ii. iii.

Provides clues about conflicts in orgn. Power and authority structures Helps in understanding overall administrative process.

Katzs Essential Management Skills

Technical Skills
The ability to apply specialized

knowledge or expertise
Human Skills
The ability to work with,

understand, and motivate other people, both individually and in groups

Conceptual Skills
The mental ability to analyze and
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diagnose complex situations

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Intuition and Systematic Study

Intuition
Gut feelings Individual observation Commonsense Looks at relationships Scientific evidence Predicts behaviors

Systematic Study

The two are complementary means of predicting behavior.

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An Outgrowth of Systematic Study

Evidence-Based Management (EBM)
Basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence
Must think like scientists:

Pose a managerial question

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Search for best available evidence

Apply relevant information to case

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Managers Should Use All Three Approaches

The trick is to know when to go with your gut. Jack Welsh
Intuition is often based on inaccurate information Faddism is prevalent in management Systematic study can be time-consuming

Use evidence as much as possible to inform your intuition and experience. That is the promise of OB.
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