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Free Surface CW
Horizontal Surface CW
Vertical Surface CW
HFB
Design Specifications
The depth of filter beds is normally around 60 cm with an additional 15 cm freeboard for water accumulation. The required specific surface area is about 3-10 m/p.e. depending on temperature and other factors. The organic loading per surface area should not exceed 4-10 g BOD/ (m) in cold climates 16 g COD/ (m) in warm climates. The hydraulic loading should be 60-80 mm/d for grey water and 40 mm/d for wastewater.
Inlet
Outlet
Design Specifications
The depth of the sand filter beds should be at least 50 cm, with an additional 20 cm of gravel at the base to cover the drainage pipes. The required specific surface area is usually 3-4 m/p.e. in cold regions. The organic loading per surface area should be limited to 20 gCOD / (md) in cold climates).
Pre Treatment
Pre-treatment removes materials that can be easily collected from the raw waste water before they damage or clog the pumps. Screening Grit Removal
Primary Treatment:
In the primary sedimentation stage, sewage flows through large tanks, commonly called "pre-settling basins", "primary sedimentation tanks" or "primary clarifiers. The dimensions of the tank should be designed to effect removal of a high percentage of the floatables and sludge. A typical sedimentation tank may remove from 50 to 70 percent of suspended solids. 30 to 35 percent of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) from the sewage.
Bio Filtration
Vegetation in
a wetland provides a substrate (roots, stems, and leaves) upon which micro organisms can grow as they break down organic materials. This community of microorganisms is known as the periphyton. The periphyton and natural chemical processes are responsible for approximately 90 percent of pollutant removal and waste breakdown.
Plants Chosen:
Macropytes
They produce oxygen, and act as food for some fish and wildlife. Although the majority of constructed wetland designers have long relied principally on Typhas and Phragmites.
Eichhornia crassipes
(NH4+)
OH
The Nitrite is oxidized to nitrate (NO). The overall nitrification reactions are as follows: Nitrification: (1) 2(NH4+) + 3O2 4H+ + 2H2O + 2NO (2) 2NO + O2 2NO
Phosphorus Removal: It occurs naturally in both organic and inorganic forms. 1. The binding of phosphorus in organic matter as a result of incorporation into living biomass, 2. Precipitation of insoluble phosphates with ferric iron, calcium, and aluminum found in wetland soils.
Applications:
1. Municipal wastewater treatment 2. Treatment of household wastewater or grey water 3. Tertiary treatment of effluents from conventional wastewater treatment plants 4. Industrial wastewater treatment such as landfill leachate, petroleum refinery wastes, acid mine drainage, agricultural wastes, effluent from pulp and paper mills, textile mills. 5. Sludge dewatering and mineralization of fecal sludge or sludge from settling tanks. 6. Storm water treatment and temporary storage 7. Treatment of water from swimming pools without chlorine.
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