Grandpa Kens English Parts of Speech

Grammar Books

A Kenamar Videobook

Parts of Speech
Written and Produced by Kenneth Kunz kenkunz@hotmail.com
Kenamar Corporation

Grammar English grammar is concerned about how a word is used, not what it means.

Parts of Speech

There are seven major divisions. Parts of Speech: 1. Verb 2. Noun The word Grammar comes 3. Pronoun from the art of letters in Greek 4. Adjective (grammatike tekhne.) 5. Adverb Now it means the rules of writing. 6. Preposition 7. Conjunction Quite naturally most words 8. Interjection are used in a few ways. Of course they dont have numbers, We call these ways but I wanted to impress on you Parts of Speech. that there are only eight. Latin pars orationis.
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1. VERB The verb is either an action word or a non-action word. What? That could mean anything! Well, an action word is a word of action: run, hit, play, are obvious. But sit, stand, stare dont take much effort, but theyre still action words.

True non-action words are just states of being.

They are all just forms of the verb to be.

Our ancestors didnt like regularity in simple things, so they make the being words as complicated and irregular as they could. Be-amiswaswerebebeenthats the way I learned them.

Noun Properties
2. NOUN From the Latin nomen (name.) Thats simple enough, move on! Well, wait a minute its not that simple. Nouns have properties. Property is from Latin proprius "one's own, special. Again, Im going to number them even though they dont have numbers. Its my book! There is no Supreme Court of the English Language 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Gender Number Case Proper Concrete Abstract Countable Non-countable Collective Gerund
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In other words, your properties are what make you YOU.

Pronoun types 3. PRONOUN Yes, Im going to number them! Again from the Latin pronomen, pro- "in place of" and nomen "name, noun. No big surprise! We get tired of repeating the noun or noun phrase, so we just say it. 1. Personal 2. Subjective Personal 3. Objective Personal 4. Possessive Personal 5. Demonstrative Personal 6. Interrogative Personal 7. Relative Personal 8. Indefinite Personal 9. Reflexive 10. Intensive

4. ADJECTIVE from L. adjectivum "that is added to (the noun), literally thrown at, jet=throw It modifies a noun or a pronoun by describing, identifying, or quantifying words. Modify is from Latin modificare "to limit, restrain." Now we know!

Adjective types 1. Possessive (my,his,her,ours) 2. Demonstrative (this, that, these, those, what) 3. Interrogative (which? what?) 4. Indefinite (any, all, many) 5. Articles (a, an, the)

Adverb types 5. ADVERB from Latin adverbium "that which is added to a verb," from ad- "to" plus verbum "verb." 1. Regular Adverbs a. Indicates manner, time, place, cause, or degree such as slowly, carefully. b. Answers questions such as "how," "when," "where," "how much. c. Usually just add ly to an adjective.

An adverb can modify a verb, an adjective, another adverb.

But not a noun!

2. Conjunctive Adverbs: Use a conjunctive adverb to join two clauses together. Clauses are phrases that have a subject and a verb and can stand alone as a sentence. I was tired, then I fell asleep.

"also," "consequently," "finally," "furthermore," "hence," "however," "incidentally," "indeed," "instead, "likewise," "meanwhile, "nevertheless," "next, "nonetheless," "otherwise, "still, "then," "therefore," and "thus. I think alas can be used as a conjunctive adverb. There were, alas, none left.

Let me explain. 6. PREPOSITION Preposition to the store to is pre to the noun. Postposition What did he sell that car for? Why did you bring me that cup that I dont want to drink out of up for?

The heading really should be ADPOSITION

Pre-position obviously means the position before something, in this case a NOUN. There are also post-positions for such words. And even split-position both sides. But mostly they come before so we just call them prepositions.

Circumposition I will love you from now on!

The Ultimate Postposition
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List of prepositions "about," "above," "across," "after," "against," "along," "among," "around," "at," "before," "behind," "below," "beneath," "beside," "between," "beyond," "but," "by," "despite," "down," "during," "except," "for," "from," "in," "inside," "into," "like," "near," "of," "off," "on," "onto," "out," "outside," "over," "past," "since," "through," "throughout," "till," "to," "toward," "under," "underneath," "until," "up," "upon," "with," "within," and "without." Preposition Usage A prepositional phrase is made up of the preposition, its object and any associated adjectives or adverbs. A prepositional phrase can function as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. And theyre just everywhere!

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7. CONJUNCTION

Conjunction Usage 1. Co-ordinating conjunction and," "but," "or," "nor," "for, "so," or "yet"

Latin conjugare "join together."

A conjunction link words, phrases, and clauses, as in the following example: I want the pizza and a soda. Call me when you are ready.

Used to join individual words, phrases, and independent clauses.

Links equals.

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2. Subordinating conjunction It introduces a dependent clause and indicates the nature of the relationship between the independent clause and the dependent clause. "after," "although," "as," "because," "before," "how," "if," "once," "since," "than," "that," "though," "till," "until," "when," "where," "whether," and "while. Links Unequals.

3. Correlative conjunctions

They always appear in pairs

Use them to link equivalent sentence elements. "both...and," "either...or," "neither...nor,", "not only...but also," "so...as," and "whether...or. Links Equals.

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2. Subordinating conjunction It introduces a dependent clause and indicates the nature of the relationship between the independent clause and the dependent clause. "after," "although," "as," "because," "before," "how," "if," "once," "since," "than," "that," "though," "till," "until," "when," "where," "whether," and "while. Links Unequals.

3. Correlative conjunctions

They always appear in pairs

Use them to link equivalent sentence elements. "both...and," "either...or," "neither...nor,", "not only...but also," "so...as," and "whether...or. Links Equals.

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Ouch, that smarts! 2. Interjection An interjection is a word added to a sentence to convey emotion. It is not grammatically related to any other part of the sentence. Oh no, I ate the whole pie! Hey! Put that away! "He has a new girl friend, eh? Holy cow, look at her! Good grief, Charlie Brown!

Usually theres an exclamation point somewhere!!!!!!!!!!!

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Thats about the essence of it.

essence Originally "substance of the Trinity," the general sense of "basic element of anything."

You can go into more detail, but now you have the basics. base (n.) "bottom, foundation, pedestal Now you can build on this by yourself. Build "to be, exist, grow"

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