Cultural Values

VALUES
Social Principles, goals, or standards accepted by persons in a culture Basic Conviction that people have regarding what is right & wrong, good, bad , Important & unimportant They are learned Direct Individual behaviour Have direct implication on the management styles

Priority of Cultural Values

Americans
Freedom Independence

Japanese
Belongingness Group Harmony

Arabs
Family Security Family Harmony

Equality
Individualism Competition Efficiency Directness Time

Age/Seniority
Group Consensus Cooperation Quality Indirectness Patience

Age
Authority Compromise Devotion Indirectness patience

Values & Managerial Styles

Difference in culture & level of industrialization is reflected in the difference in work values
Country
US Japan India

Work Values
Acquisition of power, influence, Regard for others Deference to superiors, Company commitment, cautious use of aggressiveness Non aggressive pursuit of objectives

Values & Management Functions

Values Individuals can influence the future
Individuals should be realistic Primary obligation of employee is to the organization Company information should be freely available in the organization Competition stimulates better performance

Management functions Planning & Scheduling

Goal setting & career development, motivation & reward systems Loyalty, motivation & commitment Effective & transparent communication & leadership Career Development

Assumptions & Managerial Implications

Nature of Assumption
Environment

Specific Assumption
People are meant to dominate the environment People must be submissive

Managerial Implications
Strategic Plans to dominate the industry Seek positions to co-exist with others

Human Nature

People are generally lazy

Procedures to monitor behaviour, clear punishment for undesirable behaviour

Provide opportunities & Responsibilities

Work is as natural as play for people

Assumptions & Managerial Implications

Nature of Assumption Relationships Activity Specific Assumption Individuals have certain rights & freedom People create their own destiny People should enjoy whatever present provides Truth Truth objectively exists Managerial Implications Individual performance should be measured & rewarded People who fail to plan should plan to fail Planning for future only gets in the way of enjoying the present Facts & statistics are presented to convince & influence the people Opinion leaders are utilized to influence people

Truth is what is socially acceptable