MOTIVATION

Meaning
Motivation is a Latin word, which means to move to energize or to activate It is the willingness of an individual to respond to organizational requirements.

DEFINITION
Driving force with in the individual which results in persistent behaviour directed towards a particular goal

Concepts
Motive activates the organism for action or behaviour and such a behaviour are goal directed behaviour If craving is not there in the person he was not motivated from inside. Desire to achieve some thing in life drives the person towards particular goal

Types
Psychologist divided motives into 3 types

Biological motive Social motive

Personal motive

1. Biological motives/Primary motive

Hungry Thirst Need for oxygen Need to regulate body temperature Need to sleep Avoidance of pain Elimination of waste Sex motive Maternal motive

2. Social motives/ secondary motives

Achievement motive Aggressive motive Power motive Acquisitive motive Curiosity motive Gregariousness

Personal motives
Habits Goals of life Levels of aspiration Attitude and interests

Unconscious motivation
Sigmund Freud explained certain motives operates from our unconscious mind This desires are repressed by our conscious remains in unconscious mind and will be influencing our behaviour. Result: slip of tongue, pen, amnesia, multiple personality etc. This can be delineated only by Psychoanalysis

Theories of motivation
1. Optimal-level theory Claud Bernard coined Homeostasis to explain the state of equilibrium in the body. Maintenance of optimal level leads to equilibrium which gives pleasure. Disequilibrium leads to displeasure

2. Psychoanalytical theory
Explained by Sigmund Freud, deals with unconscious motivation. According to Freud, the inborn tendencies called instincts influence our behaviour There are two group instincts A. Life instincts B. Death instincts

3. Humanistic theory
This theory believes in striving tendency of the individual for realizing his potentialities Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers formulated hierarchical fashion

Frustration

Meaning: Frustration has been derived from a Latin word Frustra means Obstruct. Frustration refers to the blocking of behaviour directed towards the goal.

Sources of frustration
1. Environmental forces 2. Personal inadequacies 3. Conflict produced frustration

Reaction to frustration
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Attack or direct approach Reduce the level of goal Aggressiveness Withdrawal Compromise

Measure to face frustration

Review the situation Change our goals Opt for substitute goal

Conflicts
The word conflict was derived from Latin word Conflictus which means strike two things at the same time Definition: A conflict is an anticipated frustration entailed in the choice of either alternative. -Colman

Characteristics
It occurs when more than one equally powerful desires or motives present at the same time and need immediate satisfaction It give rise to lot of tension in the individual Tension continues until a decision is taken and conflict is resolved. Conflicts is a friction between two desires or motives

Types
1. Intrapersonal conflicts/ Goal conflicts 2. Interpersonal conflict 3. Unconscious conflict

1. Intrapersonal conflicts/ Goal conflicts

A. Approach-approach conflict

GOAL +

Person

GOAL +

B. Avoidance-avoidance conflict

GOAL -

Person

GOAL -

C. Approach- avoidance conflict

Person

GOAL + -

C. Multiple approach avoidance conflict

GOAL

+ -

Person

GOAL

+ -