Armature Winding

Khurram Hussain

Important Definitions

Conductor

The length of a wire lying in a magnetic field in which emf is induced is called a conductor

Coil or Winding Element

The two conductors AB and CD along with their end connections constitute one coil or winding element of the armature winding.

Single Turn & Multi Turn coil

Important Note

It may be noted that since the beginning and the end of each winding element must be connected to a commutator bar, there are as many commutator bars as winding elements for both lap and wave winding

Pole Pitch
The periphery of the armature divided by the number of poles of the generator i.e., the distance between the two adjacent poles. It is equal to the number of armature conductors per pole. If there are 48 conductors and 4 poles then 48/4 =12

Back Pitch

The distance measured in terms of armature conductors, which a coil advances on the back of the armature is called back pitch.

YB

Front Pitch

The number of armature conductors spanned by a coil on the front (the commutator side) is called the front pitch.

YF

Resultant Pitch

It is the distance between the beginning of one coil and the beginning of the next coil to which it is connected.

YR

Commutator Pitch

It is the distance (measured in terms of commutator segments( between the segments to which the two ends of a coil are connected.

YC

For Lap Winding YC YB YF For Wave Winding YC YB YF

Lap and Wave Winding

The two types of windings mostly employed for drum-type armatures are known as lap winding and Wave winding. The difference between the two is merely due to the different arrangement of the end connections at the commutator end of armature Each winding can be arranged Progressively and Retrogressively.

Winding Rules

The front pitch and back pitch are each approximately equal to the pole pitch. Both pitches should be odd, otherwise it would be difficult to place the coils properly on the armature. The number of commutator segments is equal to the number of slots or coils because the front ends of conductors are joined to the segments in pairs. The winding should close upon itself.

Simplex Lap Winding

In lap winding, the finishing end of one coil is connected to a commutator segment and the to the starting end of the adjacent coil situated under the same pole and so on, till all the coils have been connected. This type of winding derives its name from the fact that it doubles or laps back with its succeeding coils.

Important Points for Simplex lap winding

The back and front pitches are odd and of opposite sign. But they cannot be equal. They differ by 2 or some multiple of it. Both back pitch and front pitch should be nearly equal to pole pitch. The number of slots for a 2-layer winding is equal to the number of coils. Resultant pitch is even being arithematic difference two odd numbers.

Average Pitch = YA

YB YF 2

Commutator Pitch = YC 1