Concepts of Nursing NUR 123

Concepts Related to the Care of Individuals

SLEEP AND REST

Definitions
Rest: is a condition in which the body is in a decreased state of activity without emotional stress and freedom from anxiety. Sleep: is a state of rest accompanied of altered level of consciousness and relative inactivity, and perception to environment are decreased. Types of Sleep: 1. NREM sleep (Non-Rapid Eye Movement sleep) (70-80%) 2. REM sleep (Rapid Eye Movement Sleep) (recur every 90 min and lasts for 5-30 min)

Functions of Sleep:
Promoting general health.
Ensuring recovery from illness. Aid in healing process. Increase ability to learn and concentration and recalling knowledge. Help person to be socially stable.

Sleep and rest disturbance will result in:

Irritable, anxiety and stress. Fatigue.

Reduce work optimally

Seek assistance from physician. Poor concentration. Difficulty making decisions.

Normal sleep patterns and requirements:

Newborn: 16-18 hours /day Infants: some 22 hours, and others from 12-14 Toddlers: 10-12 hours

Preschool: 11-12 hours

School-Age: 8- 12 hours Adolescents: 8-10 hours Adult: 6-8 hours Elders: 6 hours

Factors Affecting Sleep

Developmental considerations Emotional stress Culture Lifestyle and habits Physical activity and exercise Dietary habits

Environmental factors
Illness Medications

Classification of Sleep Disorders

Dyssomnias characterized by insomnia or excessive sleepiness Parasomnias patterns of waking behavior that appear during sleep

Sleep disorders associated with medical or psychiatric disorders

Dyssomnias
Insomnia: difficulty falling asleep Hypersomnia: excessive sleep Narcolepsy: excessive daytime sleepiness Sleep apnea: absence of breathing between snoring intervals Restless leg syndrome Sleep deprivation

Parasomnias
Somnambulism: sleep walking Sleep talking Bruxism: grinding & clenching of teeth during sleeping Enuresis: bed-wetting

Treatment for dyssomnias

Pharmologic therapy
Sedatives and hypnotics

Nonpharmacologic therapy
Stimulus control Sleep restriction Sleep hygiene Cognitive therapy Relaxation therapy

Nursing Interventions to Promote Sleep

Prepare a restful environment Promote bedtime rituals

Offer appropriate bedtime snacks and beverages

Promote relaxation and comfort Use night light Provide privacy

Nursing Interventions to Promote Sleep

Schedule nursing care to avoid disturbances
Use medications to promote sleep Encourage patient to void before sleep

Remove any irritants against patients skin such as moist or wrinkled sheets