Globalization

Effects of End of Cold War

US and USSR had been ideological competitors with Third World Nations Now US was unipolar power with dominant military, economy, and cultural centers Major new problems on horizon
Environmental questions on global warming, spread of disease, development International immigration patterns and reach of drug cartels Nuclear weapons proliferation and securing materials that had once been a part of the USSR

Nationalist Movements
USSR breaking up led to nationalist movements especially in Chechnya Yugoslavia broke up into Bosnia, Serbia, and Montenegro Serbia led by Slobodan Milosevic led genocidal campaign to purify Serbia of Bosnians Rwanda had long standing ethnic dispute between Hutus and Tutsis Hutus led massacre against Tutsis for being allies to Dutch

Neo Liberalism
Neo-liberals believe in the freedom of economic markets They believe that the international economy will run best when governments lower tariffs This will increase the trade of goods and services across borders And, this will increase innovation, competition, and the production of goods

International Immigration
The increase in production of goods and services has led to a demand for labor Some of this demand has been fulfilled through finding cheap labor in Southeast Asian countries Also migrant workers have moved from Third World countries into First World countries looking for work This has led to conflict in Europe between Muslim and European workers And this has led to conflict in Northern America between citizens and illegal labor In all of these cases, the pattern has been a movement of labor from nearby Third World countries to First World countries resulting in ethnic conflict

International Markets
Multinational companies provide investment and development to Third World But they look for cheap labor sources and affect governmental policy on taxation and regulations Governments have competed by lowering standards on pollution, taxes, and labor rights International Monetary Fund provides loans to governments for development But they are expected to lower the value of their currency to fight inflation This leads to less government support for workers and unemployed

WTO
World Trade Organization was created in 1990s for major nations to lower tariffs and increase international trade 1999-Major protest in Seattle: Complaints
Multinationals manipulate cheap labor Multinationals use the Third World to dump pollution Multinationals take away government sovereignty to make laws for their countries

Terrorism
Osama Bin Laden began the Al Qaeda (The Base) while fighting against the USSR in Afghanistan Goal-He wants to create a new caliphate or Muslim kingdom stretching from Northern Africa to Southeast Asia His complaints
US troops in the holy lands especially Saudi Arabia US supports Israel US provides support to authoritarian regimes in Middle East for access to oil

Global Warming
Development in India and China has been dramatically successful in the last 3 decades India is about to outpace China in population growth This means more cars, meat production, and energy production in two of the worlds greatest population centers

Global Warming Effects

Glaciers are melting Sea levels are rising Cloud cover is increasing Deserts are growing Argument: Increase in CO2 production leads to cover that traps sun light in the earths atmosphere leading to higher average long term temperatures