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Public Relations

COM 101: Mass Communication & Society

Overview

What is public relations? The history of public relations The public relations industry Production, distribution, exhibition

What is PR?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BTdtD ta7nyY Information, activities and policies by which corporations and other organizations seek to create attitudes favorable to themselves and their work, and to counter adverse attitudes PR activities include one-on-one contacts, as in lobbying, as well as attempts to influence media coverage of clients

What is PR?

Comparison between advertising & PR


How are they different? How are they similar?

The history of PR

Early years; the press-agentry model


Ancient times American Revolution Benjamin Franklin P. T. Barnum Press-agentry model

The history of PR

Into the 20th century; the one-way model

Emergence of PR counselor The Publicity Bureau Ivy Lee

Pennsylvania Railroad & Standard Oil In-house journalist Distributors of public information Committee on Public Information

George Creel

The history of PR

Edward Bernays and the two-way model

Sending out facts about the client to well studied groups and for whom the messages are tailored with the objective of leading the groups to view reality from the clients perspective Engineering consent

The history of PR

The engineering of consent is the very essence of the democratic process, the freedom to persuade and suggest

Edward L. Bernays, The Engineering of Consent (1948)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4iMw EZ8_-s

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t47hA n_X9WQ&feature=channel

The history of PR

The 1960s to today; the symmetrical model


Ralph Nader Move away from manipulation

Model name

Type of communication

Associated with

Model characteristics

Press-agentry

One-way

Franklin, Barnum

Uses persuasion and manipulation to influence audiences to behave as the organization desires

One-way model

One-way

Lee, Creel

Uses press releases and other one-way communication techniques to distribute organizational information. Uses persuasion and manipulation to influence audiences to behave as the organization desires. Does not use research to find out how stakeholders feel about the organization Uses communication to negotiate with the public, resolve conflict and promote mutual understanding and respect between the organization and its stakeholders

Two-way asymmetrical

Two-way (imbalanced)

Bernays

Two-way symmetrical

Two-way (balanced)

Contemporary PR

The PR industry today

PR activities

Corporate communications Financial relations Consumer and business-to-business marketing

The PR industry today

PR activities (cont.)

Public affairs PR Communications Political action Government relations Community involvement International relations Crisis management http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/Fall02/Susi/tyle nol.htm http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/Fall02/Susi/exx on.htm Media relations

Production, distribution, exhibition

Production

Press releases
http://www.gardenorganic.org.uk/schools _organic_network/assets/press_release_e xample.jpg http://www.michiganpress.org/images/sa mple-press-release.jpg

Video press releases/video news release (VNR)

http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/media/j an-june05/vnr_5-13.html#

Production, distribution, exhibition

Distribution

Publicity outlets E.g., movie stars on Oprah

Exhibition

Media outlets use PR generated materials in order to lower the cost of production PR performs a research function

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yaMh 8KGfkTM

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