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Industrial Pollution
Industrial pollution is the major source of global air, water and soil
pollution and refers to all pollution which can, directly or indirectly, be linked with industry. Industrial pollution is the biggest source of pollution in most of the developed world. In United States for instance industrial pollution accounts for more than half of the nation's total pollution (data from the U.S. Environmental Agency). Industrial pollution is becoming a major problem in fast developing economies such as China and India where it has already created huge problems in form of excessive water and air pollution. Fossil fuels, on which our economies are built, are usually the main culprits behind the excessive industrial pollution, particularly coal, which is the dirtiest energy source of them all.
Industrial Pollution
The main problem about the industrial pollution is the fact that
industry generates incredible amount of waste which are dumped into water bodies or land or are released in air in form of toxic gases. Climate change is also directly linked to industrial pollution. Our industry, based on the fossil fuel burning, is the main reason for the massive increase of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the last few decades. In the last couple of decades, due to the rapid global industrialization of the world the industrial pollution has even spread to Earth's poles. The scientists have already found traces of industrial pollutants in samples of ice cores from Antarctica and the Arctic. The negative impact of industrial pollution is not only limited to our environment but also to human health, especially health of workers who work in high polluting factories and the people who live in areas close to these factories.
amount of waste. The existence of large number of small scale industries that escape land use and some time even environmental regulations. Poor enforcement of Pollution control laws. Lack of resources for implementing Pollution Control programmes.
and particles into the air. Various industrial processes generate significant amounts of aerosols. Sulfur oxides (SOx) - especially sulfur dioxide, a chemical compound with the formula SO2. SO2 is produced in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) - especially nitrogen dioxide are emitted from high temperature combustion. The above mentioned gases are responsible for acid rains which in turn leads to land pollution.
environment is contaminated. Lead is harmful to the health of many animals, including humans, as it can inhibit the action of bodily enzymes.
Nitrates& Phosphates The increased use of fertilizers means that nitrates are
more often being washed from the soil and into rivers and lakes. This can cause eutrophication, which can be very problematic to marine environments.
Sulphur This is a non-metallic substance that is harmful for marine life. Oils Oil does not dissolve in water, instead it forms a thick layer on the
water surface. This can stop marine plants receiving enough light for photosynthesis.
Petrochemicals This is formed from gas or petrol and can be toxic to marine
life.
Currently, much of it ends up in landfill sites where it may pose problems. When factories are decommissioned from use there is often a lengthy and expensive clean-up needed before the land can be re-used. In many industrial nations new land for building homes and schools is hard to find. Heavy metals such as cadmium and lead may be deposited locally. Other metals such as copper may be deposited in unsafe amounts. Some of these toxic metals accumulate over time. Industrial wastes: they include scraps, effluents, sludge, fly ash and radioactive wastes. Industrial solid wastes and sludge add a lot of toxic chemical into soil. Fly ash fall-out from testing laboratories and other sources also pollute the soil.
Aluminium Smelters
Oil Refineries
Effects
Water and Air
Medicines Manufacture of Gases Mine based Industries Textile Vehicle Manufacturing Petrol based Industries Forest dependent Industries Electrical Appliances manufacturing Industry
Air
Water and Air, Solid Waste Water, Air and Noise Noise and Air, Solid Waste
Most Polluted
Cities
Vapi - Chemical Chembur Nuetro Power Vishakhapatnam - Steel Talcher - Mining
River Stretches
Sabarmati Subarnarekha Godavari Krishna Indus(Sutlej) Ganga Yamuna
Hindon
Chanibal Damodar Gomti Kali
protection actions. Monitoring of water quality of all important water bodies should be carried out. Government should provide incentives to industries for adopting clean technologies. Environmental cell of the environment and forest department should be strengthened.
burden associated with the waste management system. In order to reduce waste production, the potential waste production in an industry should be properly assessed. Economic benefits include the amount of reduction of waste produced and treated or disposed, and also in reduction of raw material. The modification of the production process, which includes the replacement of the raw material containing hazardous causalities, the optimization of the process, and the type of raw material used. The management of waste including its recycling and reuse. The modification of the plant should take into consideration, the minimum or no-production of waste by installing new equipment to control the pollution.