Lecture 3:

The J# Language

Objectives
J# brings the Java programming language (1.4) to the .NET platform, providing full access to the .NET Framework

The J# language by way of example

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Java and J#
Using an example, let's take a tour of J# Goal? - to demonstrate that J# can be viewed as pure Java

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Banking Application
Neighborhood bank needs app to process daily transactions daily transactions reside in a file "transactions.txt" at night, transactions are applied to customer accounts stored in "customers.txt"
transactions.txt

customers.txt

Banking App

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Program design
Design will consist of 4 classes: App, Customer, CustomersIO, Transactions
n

Customer represents 1 Customer

App main( )

CustomersIO
1

read(filename) : Customer[ ] write(customers, filename)

1

Transactions process(customers, filename)

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Main program
Coordinates transaction processing
1. read customer data into array of Customer objects 2. process transactions by updating objects 3. write objects back to file when done
public class App { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("** Banking Application **"); Customer[] customers; customers = CustomersIO.read("customers.txt"); Transactions.process(customers, "transactions.txt"); CustomersIO.write(customers, "customers.txt"); System.out.println("** Done **"); // keep console window open... . . . J# in Visual Introducing CS using .NET Microsoft Studio .NET 3-6 6

Exception handling
Main program should deal with possibility of exceptions:
public class App { public static void main(String[] args) {

try { System.out.println("** Banking Application **"); . . . System.out.println("** Done **"); } catch(Exception ex) { System.out.println(">> ERROR: " + ex.toString()); } finally { // keep console window open... System.out.println(); System.out.print("Press ENTER to exit..."); try { System.in.read(); } catch(Exception ex) { } }
}//main }//class

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Build & run

Stub out the classes & methods, build & run test normal execution

test throwing a java.io.IOException

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Customer

Customer class
Represents 1 bank customer minimal implementation at this point
public class Customer { public String firstName, lastName; public int id; public double balance;

firstName : String lastName : String id : int balance : double Customer(fn, ln, id, balance) toString( ) : String

// fields

public Customer(String fn, String ln, int id, double balance) { this.firstName = fn; // constructor this.lastName = ln; this.id = id; this.balance = balance; }

public String toString() // method { return this.id + ": " + this.lastName + ", " + this.firstName; }
} J# in Visual Introducing CS using .NET Microsoft Studio .NET 3-9 9

CustomersIO class

CustomersIO read(filename) : Customer[ ] write(customers, filename)

Reads & writes the customer data File format: first line is total # of customers in file then firstname, lastname, id, balance for each customer
7 Jim Bag 123 500.0 Jane Doe 456 500.0 . . .

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CustomersIO.read( )
First implement read( ), which returns an array of customers
public class CustomersIO { public static Customer[] read(String filename) throws java.io.IOException { System.out.println(">> reading..."); java.io.FileReader file = new java.io.FileReader(filename); java.io.BufferedReader reader = new java.io.BufferedReader(file);

Customer[]

customers;

String

fn,ln;

int

id,N;

double

balance;

N = Integer.parseInt(reader.readLine()); customers = new Customer[N]; for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) { fn = reader.readLine(); ln = reader.readLine(); id = Integer.parseInt(reader.readLine()); balance = Double.parseDouble(reader.readLine()); customers[i] = new Customer(fn, ln, id, balance); }//for reader.close(); return customers; }

"Jane", "Jim",

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Build & run

Let's test the input code

public class App { public static void main(String[] args) { try { System.out.println("** Banking Application **");

Customer[] customers; customers = CustomersIO.read("customers.txt"); for (int i = 0; i < customers.length; i++) System.out.println(customers[i]);

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CustomersIO.write( )
Now let's implement write( )
public class CustomersIO { . . .

"Jane", "Jim",

public static void write(Customer[] customers, String filename) throws java.io.IOException { System.out.println(">> writing..."); java.io.FileWriter file = new java.io.FileWriter(filename); java.io.PrintWriter writer = new java.io.PrintWriter(file);

writer.println(customers.length);
for (int i = 0; i < customers.length; i++) { writer.println(customers[i].firstName); writer.println(customers[i].lastName); writer.println(customers[i].id); writer.println(customers[i].balance); }//for writer.close(); }

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Build & run

To test, just run it twice first run outputs to "customers.txt" second run will re-input the new file & check its format

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Transactions

Transactions class

process(customers, filename)

Reads the bank transactions & updates the customers File format: customer id, Deposit or Withdraw, then amount last transaction is followed by -1
123 D 100.0 456 W 100.0 . . . -1

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Transactions.process( )
Read Tx, find customer, update customer, repeat
public class Transactions { public static void process(Customer[] customers, String filename) throws java.io.IOException { System.out.println(">> processing..."); java.io.FileReader file = new java.io.FileReader(filename); java.io.BufferedReader reader = new java.io.BufferedReader(file); String action; int id; double amount; Customer c;

id = Integer.parseInt(reader.readLine()); while (id != -1) // for each transaction... { action = reader.readLine(); amount = Double.parseDouble(reader.readLine()); c = findCustomer(customers, id); if (action.equals("D")) c.balance += amount; // deposit else c.balance -= amount; // withdrawal id = Integer.parseInt(reader.readLine()); // next Tx please... }//while reader.close(); }

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findCustomer( )
Performs a linear search, returning first matching customer

"Jane", . . . private static Customer findCustomer(Customer[] customers, int id) { for (int i = 0; i < customers.length; i++) // for each customer... if (customers[i].id == id) return customers[i]; // if get here, not found... return null; } }//class "Jim",

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Build & run

Program should be complete at this point! but let's check with debugging output extend Customer to output balance
public class Customer { . . . public String toString() { return this.id + ": " + this.lastName + ", " + this.firstName + ": " + this.getFormattedBalance(); } public String getFormattedBalance() { java.text.DecimalFormat formatter; formatter = new java.text.DecimalFormat("$#,##0.00"); return formatter.format(this.balance); } }//class

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J# is Java!
Program we just developed is pure Java compiles with both Visual Studio .NET and Sun's JDK

transactions.txt

customers.txt

Banking App

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Compiling with Java:

If you have Sun's JDK installed, you can compile and run the app we just built:

rename .jsl files to .java javac *.java create sub-directory called BankingApp (since files are part of the package BankingApp) move .class files into BankingApp sub-directory copy "customers.txt" and "transactions.txt" into current directory (not the BankingApp sub-directory) java BankingApp/App

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JavaDoc comments
Support for JavaDoc comments provided by Visual Studio .NET Tools menu, Build Comment Web Pages @param and @return are supported; others are ignored (@author, @version, and @see)
package BankingApp; /** * Main class for Banking Application. * * Author: Joe Hummel, * Date: April 2004 */ public class App { . . .

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Summary
J# is Java on the .NET platform at least at the level of Java 1.4, with a subset of the class libraries.

eventually we'll see what else J# can do

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