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Introduction
Chemical reactions - reactants being converted into products rate of reaction - change of concentration of reactants or products over time (M/s) Collision Theory - a reaction is made when molecules collide
Introduction
Factors Affecting Reaction Rates: Nature of reactants Concentration Temperature Surface Area Presence of Catalyst
Test Tube B
3mL water + piece of Na
Record observations.
B. Concentration of Reactants
Constant HCl Concentration
B. Concentration of Reactants
Constant Na2S2O3 Concentration
C. Temperature
Test tube #1: 0.15M Na2S2O3 Test tube #2: 7.5mL H2O + 2mL 3M HCl
D. Surface Area
Test tube #1: Strip of Mg Test tube #2: Pieces of Mg
E. Catalyst
Test tube #1: Test tube #2:
H2O2 +Rochelle salt (sodium potassium tartrate) Heat solutions gently. Record observations.
Collision Theory
- a reaction is made when molecules collide
increase in concentration
= increase in the number of molecules = increase in the number of collisions
Rate Law
0
-0.5 0 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5 -3 ln rate
-3.5
-4
Slope = 0.35 0
rate= k[Na2S2O3]2 [HCl]0
1/T (in K)
0.0031 0.0032 0.0033 0.0034 0.0035 0.0036 0.0037
ln k
-2.5
A change in temperature also changes the rate of a reaction. The kinetic energy in the molecules increase as the temperature increases. Arrhenius equation Ea/RT) k= Ae^ (-
vs.
Uncut Mg
- relatively faster
- slower
*Collision theory
Conclusion
The rate of the reaction is affected by concentration, temperature, nature of reactants, catalyst and surface area The collision theory explains how the number of collisions in a reaction affects the rate. - increase in concentration= increase in number of molecules that can collide
Conclusion
- increase in temperature= increase in kinetic energy - increase in surface area= more molecules that can readily react A catalyst helps increase the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy
Recommendation
use other substances that can further prove the factors that affect the reaction rate Biggest problem: the precision of measurement of the substances used - watch these values (it can affect the result of the experiment)
References
Brown, T. L., LeMay, H. E., Bursten, B. E., & Murphy, C. (2009). Chemistry, the central science. (11th ed.). Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. Chang, R. (2005). Chemistry. (8th ed.). Singapore: McGraw Hill Inc.