Medicaps institute [ mitm ]

ALI
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COMMUNICATION
POWER POINT PRESENTATION ENGINEERING

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TOPICS TO BE COVERED

INTRODUCTION DEFINATION CLASSIFICATION AM MODULATION DOUBLE SIDE BAND (DSB-SC) SINGLE SIDE BAND (SSC-SC) VESTIGAL SIDE BAND (VSB)
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INTRODUCTION

The purpose of communication system is to transmit a message signal from an information source, located at one point, to a destination or user located at another point some distance away . The signal produced by information source may not be electrical in nature. For transmission purpose we need an electrical signal, because all the signal processing devices or equipments are electrical form and then transmitted.
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DEFINATIONS

MODULATION:- Modulation is a process by which

some characteristics of a signal known as carrier wave is varied according to the instantaneous value of another signal known as modulating signal.

MODULATING SIGNAL:- The signal containing

intelligence or some information which is to be transmitted are called modulating signal. These signals are also called as base band signals c > m where, c is called carrier frequency m is called modulating frequency.
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CLASSIFICATION
1)

CONTINUOS WAVE MODULATION:- If the carrier

waveform is continuos in nature then its called as continuos wave modulation.

i.

AMPLITUDE MODULATION:- The amplitude of a sinosuidal carrier wave is varied accordance with base band signal. ANGLE MODULATION:- The angle of the sinosuidal carrier wave is varied according with base band signal.

ii.

1)

PULSE MODULATION:- If the carrier waveform is pulse

type waveform, then its called as pulse modulation.
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AMPLITUDE Amplitude modulation is defined as a system in which the maximum amplitude is made MODULATION proportional to the instantaneous value of the

IN SHORT

modulating or base band signal

In this process amplitude modulation, the frequency and phase remains constant..whereas the maximum amplitude varies according to the instanteneous value of the information signal. The am wave has a time varying amplitude called as the ENVELOPE of the am wave. E(t)Coswc(t) S(t) = [A+X(t)] Coswc(t) =
E(t)= A+X(t) E(t) is envelope of the am wave

This envelope consist of base band signal

x(t).

We generally keep Wc > Wm which ensures that the two side bands do not overlap each other. At this point , it may be noted that the 4/26/12 negative frequencies appeared in the spectrum analysis due to the exponential representation

DOUBLE SIDE BAND SUPPRESSED CARRIER IN SHORT

q

The modulated signal which contains no carrier but two side bands is called double side band. It is also clear that the impulses at the Wc are missing which means that the carrier term is suppressed and only two side bands USB and LSB are left. Considering only positive side USB frequency is (Wc + Wm) and LSB frequency is (Wc -Wm) the difference of these two bands is equal to the transmission bandwidth.

DISADVANTAGE :- BANDWIDTH 2wm

IS

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SINGLE SIDE BANDSUPPRESSED CARRIER AM modulation and DSB-SC As shown before

v

is wasteful because of bandwidth. Since they IN both need a transmission bandwidth equal to SHORTthe message signal. twice of
v

The message signal is present in both USB and LSB. This means that if we transmit only one sideband than no information is lost. Modulation of this type width provides a single side band with suppressed carrier is known as SSB-SC.
AS SHOWN IN FIGURE THE BANDWIDTH IS ONLY

wm
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COMPATIBLE SSB-SC :- An SSB

signal may be generated in which the carrier is suppressed then it can be detected

JOURNEY TOWARDS

VSB
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VESTIGIAL SIDE BAND

Few points about VSB
v

A VSB modulation system is actually a compromise b/w DSB and SSB modulation system. The generation of VSB mpodulation signal is easier than other modulated signals,such as AM, DSB-SC, SSB. The bandwidth of VSB is slightly higher than SSB signal but considerably less than DSB-SC signal. When signals containing frequency components at extremely low frequencies (as in telegraph signals) the USB and LSB of the translated signal tend to meet at the carrier frequency so, this becomes difficult to isolate one side band from the other. Hence SSB signal schemes becomes unsuitable for handling such types of signals, now this problem overcome in this scheme known as VESTIGIAL SIDE BAND.

4/26/12 In VSB modulation instead of rejecting one side band completely, a gradual cut off one side band is allowed. This gradual cut-off is a part of other side band. This part of other side band is called as VESTIGE.

BANDWIDTH of VSB
=(

wv + wc) (wc - wm) = wv + wc wc + wm = wv + wm wv = width of VSB Spectrum of VSB wm = bandwidth of the message signal signal

Where,

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GENERATION OF VSB SIGNAL

To generate a VSB signal, first we have to generate a DSB-SC signal and then pass through a filter. This filter will pass the wanted side-band as it is along with a part of unwanted side-band

SCHEME FOR GENERATION OF VSB SIGNAL

FREQUENCY DOMAIN DESCRIPTION

FREQUENCY SPECTRUM:In the frequency spectrum it is assumed that the VSB is transmitted as it is and the lower side-band is modified into Vestigial side band.

TRANSMISSION BANDWIDTH:4/26/12 The transmission of the VSB modulated wave

ADVANTAGES OF VSB
A.

The main disadvantage of VSB modulation is the reduction in bandwidth. It is almost as efficient as the SSB. It possesses good phase characteristics and makes the transmission of the low frequency components possible.

A.

APPLICATIONS

VSB modulation is used in TELEVISION signals because the video signal needs a large transmission bandwidth.

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THANKS

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REFRENCED BY

MR. AJYAY BOYAT

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