Triangle Congruence

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Triangle
What is a Triangle?
Atriangleis one of the basicshapesofgeometry: apolygonwiththreecorners orverticesand threesides or edges which areline segments.

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Triangle
A triangle with verticesA,B, andCis

denotedABC.

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Triangle
Congruence Of Triangles
In Plane Geometry, two objects are congruent if all of their corresponding parts are congruent. Euclid proved that they are congruent triangles (Theorem I.4, called "Side-Angle-Side" of SAS). But, he was not happy with the proof, as he avoided similar proofs

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in other situations. The way he proved it, is to move one triangle until it is superimposed on the other triangle. Such a trick (superposition: placing one triangle on top of another, to see if they are congruent), is not considered legal, now. It involves some complicated assumptions. So, now this (SAS) is given as an assumption (postulate). It is the Side-Angle-Side Postulate.

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Triangle Congruence
Euclid proved his Side-Side-Side (SSS) Theorem (I.8) and his Angle-Side-Angle (ASA) Theorem (I.26) in a similar way. In SSS, if a triangle has all three sides congruent to the corresponding sides of a second triangle, then they are congruent. In ASA, if a triangle has two angles and the side in between the angles congruent to the corresponding parts of a second triangle, then they are congruent. These too, are now assumed as postulates.

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SAS Congruence
Side-Angle-Side (SAS) Congruence Postulate
Side-Angle-Sideis a rule used in geometry to prove triangles congruent. The rule states thatif two sides and the included angle are congruent to two sides and the included angle of a second triangle, the two triangles are congruent.Anincluded angleis an angle created by two sides of a triangle.

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Solution: Segment PQ is congruent to

segment ST because PQ = ST = 4. Angle Q is 4/26/12

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SAS Congruence
Side-Angle-Side (SAS) Congruence

Postulate

If two sides (CAandCB) and the

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SSS Congruence
Side-Side-Side (SSS) Congruence Postulate
Side-Side-Sideis a rule used in geometry to prove triangles congruent. The rule states thatif three sides of one triangle are congruent to three sides of a second triangle, the two triangles are congruent.

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Solution: Segment QN is congruent to

segment QP and segment YN is congruent to segment 4/26/12 YP

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SSS Congruence
Side-Side-Side (SSS) Congruence

Postulate

If the three sides (AB,BCandCA) of a

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ASA Congruence

Angle-Side-Angle (ASA) Congruence Postulate

Angle-Side-Angleis a rule used in geometry to prove triangles are congruent. The rule states thatif two angles and the included side of one triangle are congruent to two angles and the included side of another triangle, the triangles are congruent. An included side is a side that is common to (between) two angles.4/26/12

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Solution: Angle A is congruent to angle

D because they are both right angles. Segment AP is4/26/12

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ASA Congruence
Angle-Side-Angle (ASA) Congruence

Postulate

If two angles (ACB,ABC) and the

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AAS Congruence
Angle-Angle-Side (AAS) Congruence Theorem
Angle-Angle-Sideis a rule used in geometry to prove triangles are congruent. The rule states thatif two angles and a non-included side of one triangle are congruent to two angles and the corresponding non-included side of another triangle, the two triangles are congruent.

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Solution: Angle A and angle Y are

congruent because that 4/26/12 information is given in the

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AAS Congruence
Angle-Angle-Side (AAS) Congruence

Theorem

If two angles (BAC,ACB) and a side

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Right Triangle Congruence

Right Triangle Congruence Theorem
If the hypotenuse (BC) and a leg (BA) of a right triangle are congruent to the corresponding hypotenuse (B'C') and leg (B'A') in another right triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.

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Right Triangle Congruence

If the hypotenuse (BC) and a leg (BA) of

a right triangle are congruent to the 4/26/12 corresponding hypotenuse (B'C') and leg

CPCTC
Solutio

n: First, When you have to two prove triangles that are triangle congruen t, CABsix all is congrue pairs of nt to correspo triangle nding CED. parts A Angle (angles is

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