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Recently Developed Seismic Design/ Retrofitting Tools

W. Phillip Yen, FHWA, George Lee, MCEER, Jerry OConnor, MCEER

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Outline
Seismic Retrofitting Manual for Highway Bridges Seismic Retrofitting Guidelines for Complex Steel Truss Highway Bridges Seismic Isolation of Highway Bridges REDARS 2: Methodology and Software for Seismic Risk Analysis of Highway Systems Pushover Analysis Program - INSTRUCT

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NEW FHWA Seismic Retrofitting Manuals

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Content Philosophy and process Screening a bridge inventory Evaluation of bridge performance Retrofit strategies for deficient bridges

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Yes

Is Bridge Exempt ? No

Pass Screen / prioritize Fail Pass Evaluate Fail Next bridge Retrofit

Review

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Performance-based retrofit Application of performance-based design to bridge retrofitting

two earthquake levels (Lower Level, Upper Level) two bridge types (standard, essential) three service life categories (ASL1,-2,-3) two performance levels (life safety, operational)

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Seismic retrofit categories

Seismic Retrofit Categories, SRC, are used to recommend minimum levels of
screening evaluation, and retrofitting

If these minima are satisfied, the required performance levels will be satisfied.
SRCs are similar to Seismic Performance Categories (SPC) used in new design

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Bridge Importance

Anticipated Service Life, ASL

Spectral Accelerations, Ss and S1

Soil Factors, Fa and Fv

PERFORMANCE LEVEL, PL

SEISMIC HAZARD LEVEL, SHL

SEISMIC RETROFIT CATEGORY, SRC

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Upper and lower level earthquakes Lower Level earthquake (LL): 100-year return period (50% probability of exceedance in 75 years) Upper Level earthquake (UL): 1000-year return period (7% probability of exceedance in 75 years)

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Performance levels for bridge retrofitting

BRIDGE IMPORTANCE and SERVICE LIFE EARTHQUAKE Standard Essential

ASL1
Lower Level Upper Level

ASL2

ASL3

ASL1

ASL2

ASL3

PL0
PL0

PL3
PL1

PL3
PL1

PL0
PL0

PL3
PL1

PL3
PL2

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Seismic Retrofitting Guidelines for Complex Steel Truss Highway Bridges

T. Ho, R. Donikian, T. Ingham, C. Seim and A. Pan A performance-based seismic retrofit philosophy is used. The guidelines cover all major aspects pertinent to the seismic retrofitting of steel truss bridges, with a focus on superstructure retrofit. Case studies are provided. These guidelines are a supplement to the 2006 FHWA Seismic Retrofitting Manual for Highway Structures for unusual or long span steel trusses.

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Major Content
1. RETROFITTING PHILOSOPHY AND PROCESS 2. SCREENING AND PRIORITIZATION 3. ANALYSIS 4. RETROFIT MEASURES, APPROACH, AND STRATEGY

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Why Steel Truss Highway Bridges?

Large number of them in our highway system today Many of them are long span bridges and important structures Most of them were designed before modern seismic codes were available Few of them were retrofitted so far Many of them are in need of rehabilitation because of age and condition

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Seismic Isolation of Highway Bridges

I.G. Buckle, M. Constantinou, M. Dicleli and H. Ghasemi Seismic Isolation of Highway Bridges presents the principles of isolation for bridges, develops step by step methods of analysis, explains material and design issues for elastomeric and sliding isolators, and gives detailed examples of their application to standard highway bridges. The manual is a supplement to the Guide Specifications for Seismic Isolation Design published by AASHTO in 1999.

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Table of Contents
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Basic Principles of Seismic Isolation
1.1.2 Flexibility 1.1.2 Energy Dissipation 1.1.3 Rigidity Under Service Loads

1.2 Seismic Isolators 1.3 Scope of Manual

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Table of Contents
2 APPLICATIONS 3 ANALYSIS 4 DESIGN 5 TESTING ISOLATION HARDWARE

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Table of Contents
6 ELASTOMERIC ISOLATORS
Lead-Rubber Isolators

7 SLIDING ISOLATORS
Friction-Pendulum Isolators Eradiquake Isolators

8 EXAMPLE DESIGNS

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REDARS 2: Methodology and Software for Seismic Risk Analysis of Highway Systems
S.D. Werner, C.E. Taylor, S. Cho, J-P. Lavoie, C. Huyck, C. Eitzel, H. Chung and R.T. Eguchi

The REDARS 2 report provides the basic framework and a demonstration application of the Seismic Risk Analysis (SRA) methodology and its modules. The main modules of the REDARS 2 SRA methodology include hazards, components, system and economic. The northern Los Angeles, California highway system is used as a demonstration application of the SRA methodology.

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REDARS SOFTWARE: DESCRIPTION A Systematic Approach based on Loss Estimation Pre-EQ.

Loss Estimation Emergency Planning

Post-EQ.
Emergency Dissemination

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OPENING OF REDARS 1.0

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DIALOGUE BOX TO SELECT NORTHRIDGE EQ

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NORTHRIDGE EQ: EPICENTER (SIGNATURE) VIEW

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DROP-DOWN MENU: ACCESS OF GROUND MOTION DATA

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DROP-DOWN MENU: ACCESS BRIDGE DAMAGE & SYSTEM STATE DISPLAYS

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BRIDGE DAMAGE & SYSTEM STATES 7-DAYS AFTER EQ: (INDIVIDUAL BRIDGE DATA DISPLAY)

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BRIDGE DAMAGE & SYSTEM STATES 7-DAYS AFTER EQ: (INDIVIDUAL LINK DATA DISPLAY)

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AFTER NETWORK ANALYSIS: TRAVEL TIME & ECONOMIC LOSS DISPLAY

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DROP-DOWN MENU: ACCESS DISPLAY OF TRAFFIC VOLUMES 7DAYS AFTER EQ

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Pushover Analysis Program

OBJECTIVE This project aims to develop a window-based userfriendly interface for the current developed inelastic structural pushover analysis FORTRAN computer program. The ultimate goal is to provide State DOTs a useful tool (not a mandated tool) for the pushover analysis of highway bridges.

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Standard Program

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Standard Program

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Thank you!
For further information, please contact Dr. W. Phillip Yen at Wen-huei.Yen@fhwa.dot.gov