Adil Qadeer Adeel Sajid Haider Hayat Rehan Nazir Ch

Bme01083001 Bme01083040 Bme01083095 Bme01083051

AIR POLLUTION
Any visible or invisible particle or gas found in the air that is not part of the original, normal composition.

Natural: forest fires, pollen, dust storm

Unnatural: man-made; coal, wood and other fuels used in cars, homes, and factories for energy

Carbon Monoxide
colorless, odorless produced when carbon does not burn in fossil fuels present in car exhaust causing headaches, fatigue, and impaired vision

Sulfur Dioxide

produced when coal and fuel oil are burned

present in power plant exhaust narrows the airway, causing shortness of breath, especially in those with asthma

Nitrogen Dioxide
reddish, brown gas produced when nitric oxide combines with oxygen in the atmosphere

present in car exhaust and power plants

affects lungs and ; increases chance of respiratory infection

Particulate Matter particles of different sizes and structures that are released into the atmosphere

present in many sources including fossil fuels, dust, smoke, fog, etc.
can build up in respiratory system cause heart and lung disease; increases risk of respiratory infection

Ground Level Ozone

at upper level, ozone shields Earth from suns harmful UV rays

at ground level, ozone is harmful pollutants formed from car, power and chemical plant exhaust irritate respiratory system and asthma; reduces lung function by inflaming and damaging lining of lungs

Combination of gases with water vapor and dust

Combination of smoke and fog

Forms when heat and sunlight react gases (photochemical smog) Occurs often with heavy traffic, high temperatures, and calm winds

Limits visibility
Decreases UV radiation Yellow/black color over cities

 Effect on vegetation

Effect on human beings and animals

Effect on materials

Vegetation exposed to atmosphere containing heavy amount of sulphur dioxide is severly damaged. It is also affected by ozone and nitrogen dioxide

Air pollution can affect our health in many ways with both short-term and long-term effects. Different groups of individuals are affected by air pollution in different ways. Some individuals are much more sensitive to pollutants than are others. Young children and elderly people often suffer more from the effects of air pollution. People with health problems such as asthma, heart and lung disease may also suffer more when the air is polluted.

Air pollution affect material in the following way and cause ecnomic iosses: Abrasion Deposition of material Direct chemical attack Indirect chemical attack Corrosion

Control of Air Pollution

 Gravity settling chamber

Mechanical collectors Vegetation

Zoning

 As the name implies, this category of control devices

relies upon gravity settling to remove particles from the gas stream This device consists of huge rectangular chamber.the gas steam polluted with particulates is allowed to enter from one end. The horizontal velocity of the gas stream is kept low (less then .3 m/s ) in order to give sufficient time for the particles to settle by gravity.

 There are two main types of mechanical collectors:

(1) large-diameter cyclones

(2) small-diameter multi-cyclones Large-diameter cyclones are usually one to six feet in

diameter; while small-diameter multi-cyclones usually have diameters between 3 and 12 inches.

 The gas stream enters the cyclone tangentially and

creates a weak vortex of spinning gas in the cyclone body. Large-diameter particles move toward the cyclone body wall and then settle into the hopper of the cyclone. The cleaned gas turns and exits the cyclone. Large-diameter cyclones are used to collect particles ranging in diameters from one-sixteenth inch to more than 6 inches.

 Plants contribute towards controlling air pollution by

utilizing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen in the process of photosynthesis. This purifies the air for the respiration of men and animals.

 This method of controlling air pollution can be

adopted at the planning stages of the city. New industries,as far as possible , should be established away from larger cities and the locational decision of large industries should be guided by regional planning.

Ride your bike

Tell your friends and family about pollution

Ride the school bus

Learn more; stay up to date

Join a group to stop pollution

Encourage your parents to carpool to work

Switch off lights, fan, heat, etc. when you leave the room