TRIANGLES

Click to edit Master subtitle style

Congruence of Triangles

Congruence of Triangles

Congruent triangles are triangles that have the samesizeandshape. This means that the corresponding sides are equal and the corresponding angles are equal

In the above diagrams, the corresponding sides areaandd;bande;candf. The corresponding angles arexands;yandt;zandu.

Criteria for Congruence of Triangles

There are four rules to check for congruent triangles. SSS Rule (Side-Side-Side rule) SAS Rule (Side-Angle-Side rule) ASA Rule (Angle-Side-Angle Rule) AAS Rule (Angle-Angle-Side rule) Hypotenuse Leg Rule

ASA congruence rule

Two triangles are congruent if two angles and the included side of one triangle are equal to two angles and the included side of other triangle Proof : We are given two triangles ABC and DEF in which: B = E, C = F and BC = EF

To prove that : ABC DEF, For proving the congruence of the two triangles see that three cases arise.

ASA congruence rule

A

Case (i) : Let AB = DE in figure You may observe that AB = DE B = E (Given) BC = EF ..(Given) So, ABC DEF .(By SAS rule)
E

.(Assumed)B

C D

ASA congruence rule

Case (ii) : Let if possible AB > DE. So, we can take a point P on AB such that PB = DE. Now consider PBC and DEF (see Fig.) In PBC and DEF, PB = DE (By construction) B = E ,BC = EF.. (Given) So, PBC DEF, by the SAS axiom for congruence.
A D

P B
l

ASA congruence rule

Since the triangles are congruent, their corresponding parts will be equal. So, PCB = DFE But, given that ACB = DFE So, ACB = PCB This is possible only if P coincides with A. or, BA = ED So, ABC DEF ..(by SAS axiom)
A D

P B
l

ASA congruence rule

Case (iii) : If AB < DE, we can choose a point M on DE such that ME = AB ABC and MEF (see Fig.) AB = ME (By construction) B = E ,BC = EF.. (Given) So, ABC MEF, by the SAS axiom for congruence.
A D M

ASA congruence rule

If ABC MEF then corresponding parts will be equal. So, ACB = MFE, But ACB = DFE (Given) so, ACB = MCB This is possible only if M coincides with D. or, BA = ED So, ABC DEF ..(by SAS axiom) A
D M

ASA congruence rule

So all the three cases: Case (i) : AB = DE Case (ii) : AB > DE Case (iii) : AB < DE, We can see that ABC DEF Proved

A D

SSS congruence rule

Two triangles are congruent, if three sides of one triangle are equal to the corresponding three sides of the other triangle Given: Two ABC and DEF such that, AB = DE, BC = EF, and AC = DF. To Prove:To prove ABC is congruent to DEF. A D

SSS congruence rule

Construction: Let BC is the longest side. Draw EG such that, < FEG = < ABC, EG = AB. Join GF and GD Proof: In ABC & GEF BC = EF .(Given) AB = GE ..(construction) < ABC = < FEG (Construction) B ABC GEF D < BAC = < EGF and AC = GF Now, AB = DE and AB = GE DE = GE.. Similarly, AC = DF and AC = GF, E DF = GF In EGD, we have DE = GE < EDG = < EGD ---------- (i) G A

SSS congruence rule

In FGD, we have DF = GF.(ii) From (i) and (ii) we get, < EDF = < EGF But, <EGF = <BAC, Therefore, < EDF = < BAC -----------(iii) In ABC and DEF, we have, AB = DE ..(Given) < BAC = < EDG AC = DF ..(Given) E Therefore, by SAS congruence, ABC DEF A

B D

RHS congruence rule

If in two right triangles the hypotenuse and one side of one triangle are equal to the hypotenuse and one side of the other triangle, then the two triangles are congruent. A P Given: Two right angle Triangle ABC and PQR where AB = PQ and AC = PR, To Prove: R B Q C ABC PQR Proof: we Know that these Triangles are Right angle So < B = <C ..(900) AB = PQ and AC = PR ------------(Given) ABC PQR -------------(by SAS)

Properties of a Triangle
Angles opposite to equal sides of an isosceles triangle are equal. A Given : An isosceles ABC in which AB = AC. To prove: B = C Construction: Draw the bisector of A B C and D be the point of intersection of this bisector of A and BC. Proof: In BAD and CAD, AB = AC ..(Given) BAD = CAD (By construction)

Properties of a Triangle
AD = AD ..(Common) BAD CAD (By SAS rule) ABD = ACD,
C

So, So,

B since they are corresponding angles of congruent triangles. So, B=C Proved