PLATONIC SOLIDS

God eternally Geometrizes

PLATONIC SOLIDS
PLATONIC SOLIDS
1) Each formation will have the same shape on every
side
2) Every line on each of the formations will be exactly
the same length.
3) Every internal angle on each of the formations will
also be the same.
4) Each shape will fit perfectly inside a sphere, all the
points touching the edges of the sphere.
5) Same number of lines meets at the vertex
PLATONIC SOLIDS
Tetrahedron





Cube
Octahedron
Icosahedron
Dodecahedron
PLATONIC SOLIDS
Plato association of each
of the four classical
elements earth, air, water
and fire with the regular
solid cube, octahedron,
icosahedron and
tetrahedron respectively
PLATONIC SOLIDS
Keplers model of the
solar system using
Platonic Solids
HOW MANY PLATONIC SOLIDS
To construct a vertex of a regular polyhedron two
conditions must be met:

A minimum of three planes of regular polygons is
required

The sum of the angles of the polygonal vertices
must be less than the full angle of 360
HOW MANY PLATONIC SOLIDS
HOW MANY PLATONIC SOLIDS
PLATONIC SOLIDS
Since any edge joins two vertices and has two
adjacent faces we must have:
pF=2E=qV
The other relationship between these values is given
by Euler's formula:
V-E+F=2
Together these three relationships completely
determine V, E, and F:

PLATONIC SOLIDS
V =
4 p
4 ( p 2)(q 2)
E =
2pq
4 ( p 2)(q 2)
F =
4q
4 ( p 2)(q 2)
PLATONIC SOLIDS
Each Platonic solid can be denoted by a symbol {p, q}
where

p = the number of sides of each face (or the number of
vertices of each face) and

q = the number of faces meeting at each vertex (or the
number of edges meeting at each vertex).

The symbol {p, q}, called the Schlfli symbol.
PLATONIC SOLIDS
The Schlfli symbols of the five Platonic solids are
PLATONIC SOLIDS
Truncated icosahedron
F = 32 (12 x 5 + 20 x 6)
E = 90
V = 60
Pentagon with the inscribed pentagram
ZKAH = 36
ZAKH = ZAHK = 72
Pentagon with the inscribed pentagram
AABC : ABCD

AB
BC
=
BC
CD
BC
2
= AB CD
Let CD = 1, BC = BD = AD = r
r
2
= r+ 1
r =
1+ 5
2
= 1.618
Pentagon with the inscribed pentagram
Red is to black
Red is to green
Green is to yellow
Yellow is to blue
All ratios equal to 1.618
Golden Ratio
Penrose Tilings


Golden Rectangle
a
b
= 1.618 =
1+ 5
2
b
a
=
2
1+ 5

b
a b
=
2
5 1
=
1+ 5
2
Golden Rectangle
B A
D
C
F E
H G
AB = a
ED = a/2
FD =
5a
2
AH=
a
2
+
5a
2
AH
AB
=
5 +1
2
Golden Rectangle
Golden Rectangle

Fibonacci Series
1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, .
f
n+1
= f
n
+ f
n1
f
n+1
f
n
=
f
n
f
n1
= |
| = 1+
1
|
|
2
= 1+|
| =
1+ 5
2
Fibonacci Series
1
5
3
2
1