BY UPASANA GAIKWAD

INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS 4G ?
4G is the short name for fourth generation.
The term 4G is used broadly to include several type of broadband wireless access communication not only cellular telephone system.

 One of the term used to describe 4G is MAGIC

Mobile multimedia. Anytime anywhere. Global mobility support. Integrated wireless solution and Customized personal service. The fourth generation of mobile networks will truly turn the current mobile phone network in to end to end IP based network , data, gaming.

4G is the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards. It is based on packet switched network. The 4G network will consist of a set of various network using IP as a common protocol. This will allow users to: 1. Select any system at any time and any where. 2. Use multiple system at the same time. A wide range of application using only one 4g integrated terminal.

HISTORY
Generation refers change in nature of
service compatible transmission technology and new frequency bands.

FIRST GENERATION CELLULAR COMMUNICATION ( 1G )

1G was analog system and was developed in 1970s 1G had two major improvement, this was 1. The invention of the microprocessor. 2. Digital transform of control link between the phone and the cell site.

It was based on FDMA, it allows users to make voice calls in one country.

DRAWBACKS OF 1G
1. 2. 3. 4. Poor voice quality. Poor battery life. Large phone size. Limited capacity and poor handoff reliability.

SECOND GENERATION CELLULAR COMMUNICATION (2G )

2G phones using global system for mobile communication ( GSM ) and was developed in 1990s. GSM provides voice and limited data services and uses digital modulation for improved audio quality. It was based on CDMA.

SECOND GENERATION CELLULAR COMMUNICATION (2G )

The development of 2G cellular system was driven by the need to improve. 1. Transmission quality. 2. System capacity. It meet the demands for following :1. Fax 2. Short messages 3. Data transmission going rapidly.

DRAWBACKS OF 2G
1. GSM is a circuit switched, connection oriented technology, where the end systems are dedicated for the entire session. 2. This caused inefficiency in usage of bandwidth and resources.

THIRD GENERATION CELLULAR COMMUNICATION ( 3G )

The 3G technology adds multimedia facilities to 2G phones by allowing vedios, audio and graphic applications. Over 3G phones, we can watch streaming video or have video telephone.
It support both packet switched and circuit swithed data transmission. Data rates upto 2mbps.

DRAWBACKS OF 3G

1. High bandwidth requirement. 2. Huge capital.

WHATS NEW IN

4G

1. High transfer rate. 2. Internet access any where. 3. Ability to move around with the same IP address. 4. Utilization of smart antenna. 5. High resolution mobile TV.

COMPARISION BETWEEN 3G & 4G

3G

4G

Broadband internet service. Low mobile-tv resolution. 5-20 MHZ bandwidth.

Ultra wideband internet service. High mobile-tv resolution. 100+ MHZ bandwidth.

1.6-2 GHZ frequency.

2-8 GHZ frequency.

COMPARISION BETWEEN 3G & 4G

3G 4G

Wide area network architecture Wide-CDMA access technology. 2mbps speed.

Hybrid network architecture. OFDM access technology. 100 mbps speed.

A no. of air protocol, including IPv5

IPv6

HOW

FASTER

4G BECOMES

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES USED IN 4G:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. OFDM ( Optical frequency division multiplexing ) UWB ( ultra wideband ) SMART ANTENNA. IPv6.0 S.D.R ( SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO. )

What is OFDM ?
OFDM stands for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing. It Transmits large amounts of digital data over a radio wave.

HOW IT WORK :It distributes the data over a large number of carriers that are spaced apart at precise frequencies. This spacing provides the "orthogonality" in this technique which prevents the demodulators from seeing frequencies other than their own.

ULTRA WIDE BAND

1. An advanced technology that can be used in 4G technology. 2. It is typically detected as noise. 3. It can use any part of the frequency spectrum, which means that it can use. 4. frequencies that are currently in use by other radio frequency devices . 5. It uses a frequency of 3.1 to 10.6 Hz. 6. It uses less power, since it transmits pulse instead of continuous signal. 7. Special antennas are needed to tune and aim the signal.

SMART ANTENNA
smart antenna can be employed to find tune ,and turn up signal information. smart antenna can send signal back in the same direction that they come from.

Beam radio signal directly at a user to fallow the user as they move.
Allow the same radio frequency to be used for other user without worry of interference. Cant keep up transmission speeds while device is moving fast ( i.e in a car ) .

 Seamless handoff between towers/access points. One transmit antenna, two receive antenna.

Allow connection to access point at once.

IPv6.0
1. IPv6 means Internet Protocol Version 6 . 2. The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocol which data is sent from one computer to another on the internet. 3. Each computer (known as a host) on the Internet has at least one IP that uniquely identifies it from all other computers on the Internet. 4. It includes 128 bits, which is 4 times more than 32bits IP address in IPv4.

SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO

A software defined radio is one that can be configured to any radio or frequency standard through the use of software. The phone should automatically switch from operating on a CDMA frequency to a TDMA frequency whenever it is required. Roaming can be an issue with different standards, but with a software defined radio, users can just download the interface upon entering new territory, or the software could just download automatically.

 Software-Defined Radio (SDR) refers to the technology where in software modules running on a generic hardware platform consisting of DSPs and general purpose microprocessors are used to implement radio functions such as generation of transmitted signal (modulation) at transmitter and tuning/detection of received radio signal (demodulation) at receiver

APPLICATION
Virtual presence : - 4g System gives mobile users a virtual presence(for example ,always on connection to keep people on event). Video conferencing. Virtual navigation:- A remote database contains the graphical representation of streets, building, and physical characteristics of a large metropolis. Block of this database are transmitted in rapid sequence to a vehicle.

 Crisis management application.

4G in normal life . Traffic control. Mobile phones. Sensor on public vehicle. Security.

Advantage OF 4G
Affordable communication services. High speed, high capacity and low cost per bit. Support for interactive multimedia, voice , streaming video, Internet and other broadband services. Global access, Service portability and scalable mobile services and variety of quality of services provided. Better spectral efficiency. seamless network of multiple protocol and air interfaces.

disadvantage
Battery uses is more. Hard to implement. Need complicated hardware.

conclusion
All totally the best way to help all users is to use 4G as the next wireless system and in totally it is safety and secure for public this the need that demand the solution.
Todays wired society is going wireless and it has problem, 4G is answer.

Thank you