Uji Bioaktivitas

Bersifat in vitro Memberikan nilai manfaat pada ekstrak/ senyawa hasil isolasi Tahapan awal

Persyaratan utama skrining uji bioaktifitas primer adalah:

(1) Hasil dari bioassay harus dapat memprediksi beberapa jenis potensi terapi, baik secara langsung atau dengan analogi menggunakan obat klinik efekif yang juga juga telah di srining mengunakan metode yang sama (2) Potensi kemanfaatan aktifitas farmakologi tidak harus terdeteksi bahkan jika aktifitas tersebut tidak terduga ataupun unik (3)The probable nature of the activity should be indicated so that subsequent research can be organized intelligently. (4) The primary bioassay screening test should be tolerant of the many impurities present in a crude extract and yet it should be sensitive enough to reveal presence the potentially interesting substances present in low concentrations (levels of about 0.0001% of an active compound in an extract, based on the dried weight of the extracted organism, should be detectable).

(5) The bioassay procedure should be unbiased and it should allow for the coding of all samples, including both known reference materials (standards) and unknown test samples. (6) The results obtained should be reproducible. (7) The screen should allow the use of both crude materials and pure isolates so that theprocedure can be used to direct the extraction, isolation and purification work of the natural product chemist.

(8) Completion of a single bioassay screen should not require more than 1.02.0 g of the crude dry natural material (plant or animal extract). (9) The primary bioassay screen should have a high throughput, even if the informationcontent is low, with the results becoming available quickly. (10) The procedure should not require expensive equipment or a sophisticated laboratory environment so that the primary level screening experiment can be conducted synchronously with the fractionation process. (11) The procedure should be compatible with the use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) since DMSO is commonly employed to solubilize extracts or pre polar compounds for screening.

(12) The procedure should be simple enough to be taught easily to laboratory technicians so that highly trained and qualified researchers are not required for the routine operation of the bioassay program. (13) The test animals (if required for the bioassay) should be easily obtainable, easily handled, easily bred and resistant to infections. (14) Finally the bioassay should be economical to conduct over extended time periods.

Choosing the Bioassay

Definitions:
In vitro: In an artificial environment, as in a test tube or culture media In vivo: In the living body, referring to tests conductedin living animals Ex vivo: Usually refers to doing the test on a tissue taken from a living organism.

Choosing the Bioassay (cont.)

In vitro testing
Has advantages in terms of speed and requires relatively small amounts of compound Speed may be increased to the point where it is possible to analyze several hundred compounds in a single day (high throughput screening) Results may not translate to living animals

Choosing the Bioassay (cont.)

In vivo tests More expensive May cause suffering to animals Results may be clouded by interference with other biological systems

Finding the Lead

Screening Natural Products Plants, microbes, the marine world, and animals, all provide a rich source of structurally complex natural products.

Bench-Top and primary bioassay screening

Uji toksisitas Uji anti mikroba Uji antiviral dan anticancer Uji anti mikotik Uji Genotoksisitas Assay for control of tropical diseases Assay for agrochemical Uji hepatotoksik

Contd
Uji antidiabetes Uji aktifitas diuretik Uji aktifitas anthelmintik Uji antifertilitas Uji invitro untuk platelet agregation Uji anti inflamasi Uji Immunomodulating Uji antikonvulsi/ antiepileptik

Contd
Uji analgesik Uji antiulcer/ gastroprotective Radiolabelling Bioassay Uji anti emetik

Attur-rahman