ABDOMEN

Prepared by: Ronalyn B. Paguntalan, RPT, PTRP

STRUCTURES OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL

- S: diaphragm

- I: pelvic inlet
- A: lower part of thoracic cage, Rectus abdominis, Ext. oblique, int. oblique, transverse abd. & fascia

- P: L1-L5 & IV disks - L: 12th ribs, pelvis, psoas mm, quadratus lumborum & transverse abdominis - lined by fascial envelope & parietal peritoneum

SUBCOSTAL LINE top horizontal line TRANSTUBERCULAR LINE bottom horizontal line 2 MIDCLAVICULAR LINES vertical lines

RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT (RUQ )

Liver Gallbladder Duodenum Head of pancreas Right kidney and adrenal Hepatic flexure of colon Part of ascending & transverse colon

LEFT UPPER QUADRANT (LUQ)

Stomach Spleen Left lobe of liver Body of pancreas Left kidney and adrenal Splenic flexure of colon Part of transverse & descending colon

RIGHT LOWER QUADRANT (RLQ)

Cecum Appendix Right ovary and tube Right ureter Right spermatic cord

LEFT LOWER QUADRANT (LLQ)

Part of descending colon Sigmoid colon Left ovary and tube Left ureter Left spermatic cord

STRUCTURES OF THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL

Skin natural line of cleavage is horizontal

 Superficial Fascia

- Superficial fatty layer

- Deep membranous layer

Deep Fascia - thin layer of areolar

tissue covering the mm

MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL

- 3 broad thin sheets that are aponeurotic - EO, IO & transversus abdominis - anteriorly, wide vert. mm Rectus abdominis, pyramidalis

EXTERNAL OBLIQUE
O: lower 8 ribs I: xiphoid process, linea alba, pubic crest & pubic tubercle - Lower border is folded backward forming inguinal ligament

INTERNAL OBLIQUE
O: Lumbar fascia, ant. 2/3 of iliac crest & inguinal lig. I: lower 3 ribs, xiphoid process, linea alba & symphysis pubis

TRANSVERSUS
O: lower 6 costal cartilages, lumbar fascia, ant. 2/3 of iliac crest, inguinal lig.

I: xiphoid process, linea alba & symphysis pubis

RECTUS ABDOMINIS
O: symphysis pubis & pubic crest I: 5th, 6th & 7th costal cartilages, xiphoid process

PYRAMIDALIS
O: pubis I: linea alba

NERVE SUPPLY OF ABDOMINAL MM: Oblique & transverse abd. - T7-L1

Rectus Abdominis T7-T12

Pyramidalis - T12

What is the function of the abdominal muscles?

PERITONEUM
- thin serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity Parietal

Peritoneum Visceral Peritoneum

- peritoneal cavity

INTRAPERITONEAL
- organ almost totally covered w/ visceral peritoneum

RETROPERITONEAL
- Lie behind the peritoneum & are only partially covered

PERITONEAL LIGAMENTS, OMENTA, AND MESENTERIES

Peritoneal Ligaments - 2 layered folds that connect viscera to the abd. wall

Omenta - 2 layered folds that connect the stomach to another viscera

Lesser Omentum
stomach to liver

Greater Omentum
stomach to transverse colon

Mesenteries - 2 layered folds connecting parts of intestine to the post. Abdominal wall

Mesentery of small intestine

Transverse mesocolon

Sigmoid mesocolon

End!!! PREPARE FOR A MAJOR LABORATORY EXAM ON MONDAY on the ff. topics:
Peripheral Vascular System
Cardiovascular System Abdominal Wall