SCOLIOSIS

Definition of scoliosis
Scoliosis is a lateral (toward the side) curvature in the normally straight vertical line of the spine. The normal spine curves gently backward in the upper back and gently inward in thelower back. When viewed from the side, the spine should show a mild roundness in the upper back and shows a degree of swayback (inward curvature) in the lower back. When a person witha normal spine is viewed from the front or back, the spine appears to be straight. When a personwith scoliosis is viewed from the front or back, the spine appears to be curved

causes
There are many types and causes of scoliosis, including: Congenital scoliosis . A result of a bone abnormality present at birth. Neuromuscular scoliosis . A result of abnormal muscles or nerves, frequently seen in people with spina bifida or cerebral palsy or in those with various conditions that areaccompanied by, or result in, paralysis.

 Degenerative scoliosis . This may result from traumatic (from an injury or illness) bonecollapse, previous major back surgery or osteoporosis (thining of the bones Idiopathic scoliosis . The most common type of scoliosis, idiopathic scoliosis, has nospecific identifiable cause. There are many theories, but none have been found to beconclusive. There is, however, strong evidence that idiopathic scoliosis is inherited

Pathophysiology
Scoliosis is an abnormal sideways curvature of the spine that is typically found in children and adolescents. In most cases, scoliosis is painless. However, it can become gradually more severe if left untreated, resulting in chronic back pain. In young children, severe cases can cause deformities, impair development and be life-threatening.

 In most cases, scoliosis is painless and develops gradually. It often worsens during growth spurts in children and teens. Scoliosis patients who wear a back brace over an extended period of time can usually prevent further curvature of the spine.

 Nonstructural scoliosis. Also known as functional scoliosis, this involves a spine that is structurally normal yet appears curved. This is a temporary curve that changes, and is caused by an underlying condition such as difference in leg length, muscle spasms or inflammatory conditions such as appendicitis. Physicians usually treat this type ofscoliosis by addressing the underlying condition. The term nonstructural scoliosis has also been used to describe cases involving a sidetoside curvature.

 Structural scoliosis. This is a fixed curve that is treated individually according to its cause. Some cases of structural scoliosis are the result of disease, such as the inherited connective tissue disorder known as Marfans syndrome. In other cases, the curve occurs on its own. Other causes include neuromuscular diseases (such as cerebral palsy, poliomyelitis or muscular dystrophy), birth defects, injury, infection, tumors, metabolic diseases, rheumatic diseases or unknown factors. The term structuralscoliosis has also been used to describe cases involving a twisting of the spine in three dimensions rather than a sideways curvature.

Sign symptoms
abnormal curve of the spine. Often this is a mild change The change in the curve of the spine typically occurs very slowly so it is easy to miss until it becomes more severe.

Spinal curvature Sideways curvature of the spine One shoulder raised higher than the other Local muscular Local ligament pain

Management

ASSESSMENT
Name Age Gender occupation Race Doctor diagnosis Doctor management

Chief complain

History
Current history

Past history

Past medical history

 Family history

Sosial history

Observation
General

local

Palpation

Problem listing

Short term goal

Long term goal

Plan tx

advise

Do

Donts

intervention

evaluation

Review