Medical arthropods

Mohieddin M Abdul Fattah

Arthropods

Insecta Chelicerata Flies, bugs, fleas & lice Ticks, mite, scorpion

Crustacea (cyclops)

3; head, thorax and abdomen

2; cephalothorax- non segmented abdomen

2;cephalothorax and abdomen 4 pairs

Body segments Legs -wings

3 pairs 1 or 2 pairs 4 pairs

Life cycle:

Flies and mosquitoes and fleas: Egg larva pupa Lice and Bugs: Egg nymph adult. Tick and mites: Egg larva nymph adult. Cyclops: Egg several larval stages adult 2

adult

Arthropodes

Arthropod can be: Pathogen or parasite: a diseasecausing organism Host or Reservoir : an organism infected by a pathogen or parasite Vector: an invertebrate organism that carries disease causing organisms from one host to another

How do insects affect human health?

A. 1. 2. 3. 4. B. C.

D.

E.

Permenant parasites of human tissues: Myiasis (larvae of non-biting flies) Tungiasis By Flea Tunga penetrans Pediculosis by lice Scabies by mite Sarcoptes scabeii. Nuisance as temporarily biting parasites Allergenic: mite (Dermatophagoides) induces allergy. Envenomization Tick poisoning, scorpiones, spiders. Vectors that transmit microbial agents: viruses, Rickettsia, Bacteria, protozoa and helminthes.
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How insect vectors transmit infectious diseases

A. .

B. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Mechanical transmission: Vectors act as passive carrier of the microbes. Microbes adhere to body parts or pass unchanged through the digestive tracts of the insects. Biological Transmission (4 types): Propagative. Cyclopropagative. Cyclodevelopmental. Transovarian.
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Biological transmission?
A.

Propagative: The microbe multiplies in the

B.

C.

D.

arthrpodes without cyclo-morphological development (Viruses, Rickettsia, Bacteria). Cyclopropagative:The microbe multiplies in the arthrpodes with cyclo-morphological development (Protozoa; Plasmodium, Leishmania, trypanosomes). Cyclo-developmental: The microbe undergoes vital cyclo-morphological development , but does not multiply. Helminthes; filaria, Hymenolepis, and Dipylidium. Transovarian: microbes transmitted vertically from adult to the offspring through ovary.
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Medical Importance of insects

Name the induced diseases. Name the causative agent of each. Mention the type of transmission. Mention how the agent exits the arthropod and how it enters the human host.
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Medical importance of flies

A. 1. 2.

Non biting flies (Musca domestica)

By Mechanical transmission Typhoid fever: Bacteria; Salmonella typhi. Amoebic (Entameba histolytica) and bacillary (Shigella dysenteries). Cholera (Vibrio cholerae). Conjunctivitis (Haemophylus sp) Hepatitis: Hepatitis A virus and poliomyelitis (polioviruses). By direct invasion of tissues Myiasis: tissue invasion by larvae of flies.
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3. 4. 5.

B. 1.

Medical importance of biting flies

A. 1. 2. 3. 4. B. 1. C. 1. D. 1.

All transmissions by bit ( anterior station) Plebotomus (Sandfly): Harara by irritating saliva Leishmaniasis (Leishmania) by cyclopropagative T. Sandfly fever (virus) by propagative T. Oroya fever (Rickettsia: Bartonella) by propagative T. Simulium Blackfly: Onchocerciasis (O. volvulus) cyclo-developmentally. Chrysops. Loiasis (Loa loa) by cyclo-developmental T. Glossina (Tsetse fly): African trypanosomiasis (T. brucei) by cyclopropagative.

Medical importance of insects

1. . 1. 2. 3.

4. 5.
6.

Kissing bugs: American trypanosomiasis: Trypanosoma cruzi. Fleas: Plague; Bacteria (Yersinia pestis). Endemic typhus (Rickettsia mooseri), Hymenolepiasis: Hymenolepis nana and diminuta. Dilepidiasis: Dipylidium caninum. Dermatitis due to hypersensitivity to fleas saliva.
Tungiasis (Chigger): Tissue invasion by Tunga flea.
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Medical importance of insects

1. 2. 3. 4. . 1. 2. 3. 4.

Lice: Epidemic relapsing fever (Borrelia recurrentis). Epidemic typhus (Rickettsia prowazeki). Trench fever (Bartonella quintana). Pediculosis: tissue invasion. Mosquitoes: Malaria (protozoa; Plasmodium) Elephantiasis: Wucheria bancrofti, Yellow fever (virus). Dengue fever (virus)

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Medical importance of insects

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. . 1. 2. o. o. 1. 2. 3.

Ticks: Rocky mountain spotted fever (Rickettsia rickettsii). Q fever (Rickettsia; Coxiella burnetii). Endemic relapsing fever Bacteria (Borrelia. duttoni). Babesiosis: Protozoa; Babesia Tick paralysis (salivary envenomization) Mites: Liponyssoides: rickettsialpox (R.acari) Trombicula: Scrub typhus fever: Rickettsia orientalis Dermatitis: allergy to saliva excreted during bite. Demodex folliculorum: acne like lesion (tissue invasion). Sarcoptes scabeii: scabies (tissue invasion). Dermatophagoides: bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis.
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Medical importance of arthropodes

1. 2. 3. . .

Cyclops: Diphyllobothriasis: D. latum. Sparganosis: D. mansonoides. Dracontiasis: Dracunculus medinensis Cyclo-developmental transmission. Through accidental ingestion of cyclops.

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