0 оценок0% нашли этот документ полезным (0 голосов)
20 просмотров13 страниц
Free Vibrations - concept checklist You should be able to: 1. Understand simple harmonic motion (amplitude, period, frequency, phase) 2. Understand (qualitatively) meaning of 'natural frequency' and 'Vibration mode' of a system. 3. Identify # DOF (and hence # vibration modes) for a system 4. Calculate natural frequency of a 1DOF vibrating system (linear and nonlinear) 5. Write the EOM for simple spring-mass systems by inspection.
Free Vibrations - concept checklist You should be able to: 1. Understand simple harmonic motion (amplitude, period, frequency, phase) 2. Understand (qualitatively) meaning of 'natural frequency' and 'Vibration mode' of a system. 3. Identify # DOF (and hence # vibration modes) for a system 4. Calculate natural frequency of a 1DOF vibrating system (linear and nonlinear) 5. Write the EOM for simple spring-mass systems by inspection.
Авторское право:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Доступные форматы
Скачайте в формате PPT, PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
Free Vibrations - concept checklist You should be able to: 1. Understand simple harmonic motion (amplitude, period, frequency, phase) 2. Understand (qualitatively) meaning of 'natural frequency' and 'Vibration mode' of a system. 3. Identify # DOF (and hence # vibration modes) for a system 4. Calculate natural frequency of a 1DOF vibrating system (linear and nonlinear) 5. Write the EOM for simple spring-mass systems by inspection.
Авторское право:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Доступные форматы
Скачайте в формате PPT, PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
1. Understand simple harmonic motion (amplitude, period, frequency, phase) 2. Understand (qualitatively) meaning of natural frequency and Vibration mode of a system 3. Identify # DOF (and hence # vibration modes) for a system 4. Calculate natural frequency of a 1DOF system (linear and nonlinear)
5. Write the EOM for simple spring-mass systems by inspection
6. Understand natural frequency, damped natural frequency, and Damping factor for a dissipative 1DOF vibrating system 7. Know formulas for nat freq, damped nat freq and damping factor for spring-mass system in terms of k,m,c 8. Understand underdamped, critically damped, and overdamped motion of a dissipative 1DOF vibrating system 9. Be able to determine damping factor from a measured free vibration response 10. Be able to predict motion of a freely vibrating 1DOF system given its initial velocity and position, and apply this to design-type problems
k m m k k x 1 x 2 Vibration modes and natural frequencies Vibration modes: special initial deflections that cause entire system to vibrate harmonically Natural Frequencies are the corresponding vibration frequencies Number of DOF (and vibration modes)
If masses are particles:
Expected # vibration modes = # of masses x # of directions masses can move independently
If masses are rigid bodies (can rotate, and have inertia)
Expected # vibration modes = # of masses x (# of directions masses can move + # possible axes of rotation)
k m m k k x 1 x 2 Calculating nat freqs the basics
EOM for small vibration of any 1DOF undamped system has form
m k,L 0 y 2 2 2 n d y y C dt e + = 1. Get EOM (F=ma or energy) 2. Linearize (sometimes) 3. Arrange in standard form 4. Read off nat freq. n e is the natural frequency
Example: Calculate natural frequency of this Example: Calculating natural frequency of undamped system (nonlinear) Example: Calculating natural frequency of undamped system (nonlinear) (2009 Final) EOM is
Find natural freq
Writing down EOM for spring-mass systems s=L 0 +x k, L 0 m c 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 0 2 n n n d x c dx k m x m dt m dt d x dx k c x dt m km dt ,e e e , = + + = + + = = = F a k 1 k 2 Commit this to memory! (or be able to derive it)
x(t) is the dynamic variable (deflection from static equilibrium)
Parallel: stiffness
1 2 k k k = + c 2 c 1 Parallel: coefficient
1 2 c c c = + k 1 k 2 Series: stiffness
1 2 1 1 1 k k k = + c 2 c 1 Parallel: coefficient
1 2 1 1 1 c c c = + k 1 k 2 m Examples write down EOM for c 2 c 1 m 2 k k 1 m c If in doubt do F=ma, and arrange in standard form k 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 n n n n d y dy m A By C dt dt d x dx A x B dt dt ,e e e , e = + + = + + = = = F a Solution to EOM for damped vibrations s=L 0 +x k, L 0 m c 2 2 2 2 0 2 n n n d x dx k c x dt m km dt ,e e e , + + = = = Initial conditions:
0 0 0 dx x x v t dt = = = 0 0 0 ( ) exp( ) cos sin n n d d d v x x t t x t t e e e e e + = + ` ) 1 < Underdamped:
Critically damped:
1 = | | { } 0 0 0 ( ) exp( ) n n x t x v x t t e e = + + 0 0 0 0 ( ) ( ) ( ) exp( ) exp( ) exp( ) 2 2 n d n d n d d d d v x v x x t t t t e e e e e e e e e + + + = ` ) Overdamped:
1 > Critically damped gives fastest return to equilibrium
Example: Damped vibration design problem (2010 Homework) Calculating natural frequency and damping factor from a measured vibration response Displacement time t 0 t 1 t 2 t 3 T x(t 0 ) x(t 1 ) x(t 2 ) x(t 3 ) t 4 0 ( ) 1 log ( ) n x t n x t o | | = | \ . Measure log decrement:
2 2 2 2 4 4 n T o t o e t o + = = + Measure period: T
Then
Example (2010 Homework) Assume eardrum mass is 0.1 gram